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Bacterial Resistance

            Bacterial resistance is a problem that has profoundly impacted the medical community. Bacterial resistance results when bacteria become resistant to individual antibiotics through the development of specific defense mechanisms which render the antibiotic ineffective. This problem has become evident in recent years as numerous cases have been reported in which antibiotics are not effective against the bacteria that they have fought off for years. The recent troubles with bacterial resistance have caused panic throughout the United States. The pharmaceutical industry hasn't been producing many antibiotics because they thought that the antibiotics they had created had solved many of the problems resulting from bacterial infections. An increasing amount of attention has been given to antibiotic resistance with each passing year and experts are optimistic for the future; however, the threat of bacterial resistance exists today and is a major cause for concern. .
             The discovery of penicillin the 1940s proved to be the dawn of the antibiotic era. In less than two decades, major advancements had been made in the development of antibiotics. There were so many different antibiotics developed that doctors and scientists focused their attention on other problems plaguing the nation. Doctors prescribed antibiotics frequently, often when they were not even needed. According to a 1998 report by the Institute of Medicine, up to fifty percent of antibiotics are prescribed unnecessarily. This blatant overuse of antibiotics had a profound effect on the efficiency of the drugs in the future. The wonder drugs that had been so effective in treating an array of diseases had started to lose the battle against increasingly resistant bacteria, often referred to as superbugs. .
             The problem of bacterial resistance is rooted in the overuse of many antibiotics. Doctors used antibiotics to treat countless diseases and some bacteria became resistant to the drugs after time.


Essays Related to Bacterial Resistance

1. The Epidemic of Antibiotic Resistance

... the current medical serums available today are exchanging those genes with foreign species. Through this transference of genetic material, the "global problem" of antibiotic resistance arises as many bacterium undergo transformations into "superbugs" (386, 389). Another prime example of this refers to the growing number of penicillin resistant bacterium ... found in water and soil. According to the CDC, Acinetobacter accounts for over "eighty percent of reported infections." Campylobacter holds significance as well as its bacterial group maintains a resistance to "fluoroquinolones, a cla...

  • Word Count: 2320
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Antibiotic Resistance:

... micro-organisms. Antibiotics kill bacteria in a variety of different ways, from inhibiting cell wall synthesis to inhibiting specific bacterial metabolic pathways. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, only now in the world spotlight, has been present since the beginning of time. The increase in antibiotic resistance can be attributed to sociological, ecological, and genetic factors. These include overuse, random mutation, horizontal gene transfer, and ... information, which contain resistant genes. The key dilemma with plasmids is that they may contain resistance to multiple genes. ...

  • Word Count: 1289
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. Bacterial Diveristy

... then go on to describe our experiments and results. I will then finish with a brief discussion of our results and my thoughts. Introduction: Bacterial diversity and the evolution of antibiotic resistance is an amazing topic in the field of biology. Bacteria are some of the most minuscule living organisms on our planet, yet some yield the power to sicken or even ... with 1/10, and two with 1/100. The dishes were then sealed and put into the incubator. Upon allowing the bacteria to grow, we then observed and measured the "circle" of bacterial resistance and counted and observed the colon...

  • Word Count: 1681
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

4. The Effect of Acids and Bases on Bacterial Growth

... soil bacteria and how the bacteria resisted the acids/bases. Our null hypothesis (H0) is that the soil bacteria will show the same amount of resistance to both the acidic and basic discs . Our alternative hypothesis (H1) is that the soil bacteria will resist the basic solution more than the acidic ... soil bacteria and how the bacteria resisted the acids/bases. Our null hypothesis (H0) is that the soil bacteria will show the same amount of resistance to both the acidic and basic discs . Our alternative hypothesis (H1) is that the soil bacteria will resist the basic solution more than the ...

  • Word Count: 1221
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

5. The Challenge Of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotics have been widely available, and commonly used, for over 50 years. They are beneficial in the treatment of many bacterial infections. They do not have any affect on viral infections. Antibiotics restrain the growth of, and or kill, bacteria. However, it is not only the pathogenic bacteria that ... the administration of antibiotics. The often harmless, more [antibiotic] susceptible, bacteria are usually killed or diminished as well. Thus, eliminating competition for the pathogenic and antibiotic resistant strains. Bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics by: 1. Degrading or causi...

  • Word Count: 558
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Hygiene Hypothesis - Too Clean for Good Health

... to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, over 60,000 people die from multi-drug resistant bacterial infections each year around the world (1). Perhaps the most terrifying aspect of antimicrobial resistance lies in in NDM-1 bacterial gene. The NDM-1 gene allows for resistance to every know antibiotic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the NDM-1 gene ... was found in the United States in 2010. Since then, it has been discovered in multiple infection causing bacterial strains, including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MERSA ... NRDC has also...

  • Word Count: 3045
  • Approx Pages: 12
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. Research Proposal - Proteins

... proteins in the C. crescentus proteome (4). Of the 3737 C. crescentus proteins, nearly 300 have distinct localization patterns. This "localisome " enables us to investigate global mechanisms of bacterial protein localization. C. crescentus is one of several organisms that synthesize a tubular appendage, called a prosthecum or stalk. Additional stalk producing bacteria include Asticaccaulis biprosthecum, Hyphomonas neptunium, ... into protein localization will be of great clinical value. Since proper protein localization is required for bacterial proliferation and virulence, drugs that ...

  • Word Count: 4190
  • Approx Pages: 17
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Medical Overview - Tuberculosis

... Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is spread almost exclusively by airborne transmission (Ott, 1996). This bacterial infection primarily affects the lungs, but which may also affect the kidneys, bones, lymph nodes, and the brain. This horrible disease is ... extensive treatment. With the advent of effective antibiotics for TB, drug therapy has become the cornerstone of treatment. Single-drug treatment often causes bacterial resistance to drugs. Therefore, all recommended therapies include multiple drugs given for at least six ...

  • Word Count: 2754
  • Approx Pages: 11

9. Identification of Two Unknown Bacteria

... and fermentation as its metabolic pathway (Laskin & Lechevalier, 1977). The next test used to narrow the field was a Coagulase Slide test, which is used to eliminate S. aureus from possible bacterial candidates from the genus Staphylococcus (Leboffe & Pierce, 2010, p. 286). This test was used to determine whether the bacteria had bound coagulase enzymes. Bacteria A was found to be negative for ... , 2010, p.286). So, a Novobiocin test was ran to determine if Bacteria A was resistant or sensitive to the antibiotic Novobiocin. Because the results were interpreted to be within the range of ...

  • Word Count: 5182
  • Approx Pages: 21
  • Has Bibliography

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