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Schizophrenia, The Science Of


            
            
             Schizophrenia, a devastating brain disease, is characterized by loss of contact with reality and disturbances of thought, mood, and perception. It affects an estimated one percent of the population in every country of the world (NISAD). The word schizophrenia comes from two Greek words schizo, which means split and phrenia, which means mind (Encarta 97). This doesn't mean that a person with the disorder has multiple personalities, but rather parts of the mind seem to be operating independent of each other. The name itself is intended to describe a shattering, or breakdown, of basic psychological functions. About one hundred years ago schizophrenia was first recognized as a mental disorder and researchers have been searching for a cure since. It is now treated with medications controlling excess brain chemicals. The illness can best be described as a collection of particular symptoms that usually fall into four basic categories: formal thought disorder, perception disorder, emotional disturbance, and behavior disorders. Signs of the disease usually emerge in the late teens to the middle twenties. The symptoms are divided into two main categories, positive and negative. The positive does not mean good, but rather indicates an excess of normal functions. These include the delusions and hallucinations. The negative symptoms reflect a reduction in normal functioning. These symptoms include apathy, lack of interest in surroundings, and decreased concentration. The individual will withdraw from his or her environment. There are many theories on how schizophrenia can develop, but few are certain.
             In diagnosing of schizophrenia, there are 5 different types apparent. One of the major types is Disorganized Schizophrenia. Disorganized thinking, speech, and poor concentration characterize this type. There is also a lack of emotional expression and inappropriate emotional response to certain situations.


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