The blow to the Chinese view on the West came during the Opium War (1839- 42), where China was very easily defeated and was forced to open up to the West. The continuous underestimation of the Western threat had finally caught up. The superiority complex had to be modified, and China was forced to modernized and acquire “barbarian” arms/warfare to survive, which was noted by both Wei Yuan and Lin Tse-Hsu. However, even with the severe loss and the unfair Treaty of Nanjing, the Chinese were still not impressed with the ways of the West.

mathematics related advancements. However, it was not that the Chinese were behind in their knowledge, but it was the Chinese who had originally thought of all of these brilliant ideas and had given them to the West,

Some topics in this essay:
Macau Canton, West China, Opium War, West Chinese, War Chinese, Macartney Mission, Obviously Chinese, Middle Kingdom, Tribute System, Lin Tse-Hsu, ideas west, view west, chinese view, west opium, opium war, chinese view west, chinese believed, people west,