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Life Span Development

            Late adulthood is generally considered to begin at about age 65. Physical development in this stage is different for every individual because people age biologically ate different rates, some 85-year-olds may appear younger than 75-year-olds. That is why chronological age, the number of years a person has lived, is an inaccurate basis of functional age. Functional age is a term for a person's age that is determined as a measure of their functional capabilities that have been indexed to a standard. It shows how far along their body systems have developed and it's a glimpse of their emotional and logical maturity. As I have observed with Mary, even in the age of 77 she is still very much active, not just physically but also mentally. Her favorite past time is doing karaoke at her house with friends and although her eyesight is failing, she still spends a lot of time reading her favorite suspense/thriller novels. Mary also doesn't own a car because she prefers walking and taking the bus or train when going somewhere whether it be going to the doctor for her checkup or going to the store to buy groceries.
             Though most of our intellectual abilities increase or remain stable throughout early and middle adulthood, once beyond the age of 60 everyone experiences a decline in all of our five primary mental abilities. Late adulthood cognition becomes more focused, and elderly people tend to make most of their cognitive abilities through goal-centered use. With the decline of mental abilities they tend to have difficulties with memory and verbal expression. Two forms of intelligence- crystallized and fluid- which are the main focus of middle adulthood greatly affects cognitive development in late adulthood. Due to the decline in Mary's physical and mental abilities, she tries to narrow down her everyday activities so that she can focus on the activities and abilities that she values most. This strategy is called selective optimization with compensation, selecting valued activities to optimize returns from diminishing energy.


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