Radar relies on the concepts of Doppler shift and echo location. Each is a common phenomenon that you experience each day but are probably unaware of. Doppler shift occurs when sound is reflected, generated, or projected from a moving object. A good example of Doppler shift would be if a car blaring it’s horn went by you at a high speed, the sound would get louder and have a high tone as the vehicle got closer and fainter with a lower tone as the vehicle passed and got further away. It is possible to combine Doppler shift and echo to get a precise calculation on how fast that car is moving. If you were able to send out loud sounds toward the car, some of the waves would bounce off the moving car and echo back towards you. However, these sound waves will be compressed, causing them to have a higher pitc

h that the original sound that was generated. By measuring the pitch of this echo we are able to determine how fast the car is moving.

Radar has a variety of different uses and applications that are all used heavily today almost all industries. We rely on radar to send our cell phone signals from space, steer our ships and planes away from hazards, and keep speeding vehicles off our streets. We may sometimes take this technology for granted, however it has become a essential part of our everyday lives.

Most modern aircraft and large sea vessels use radar to navigate and plot courses around obstacles. Your typical radar will transmit a broadcast signal which takes close to a millisecond to perform, and then immediately switches off its transmitter and initiates its receiver. It waits for the echo from the transmission that is sent out and times how long it takes for the signal to return. It then can make graphs and displays according to the results. Ground based radar however encounters more difficulties when sending and receiving signals. When a transmission is sent out over land not only does it hit its intended target, but trees, rocks, and the

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