She was born in Warsaw, Poland, and her father was a physics and mathematics professor at one of Warsaw’s gymnasiums, which are schools similar to American high schools. Marie had to overcome the Russian oppression of Poland, her family’s poverty, and her oldest sister and her mother’s death from tuberculosis. But d

The Curies had two daughters Irene and Eve. When Marie was thirty-eight her husband was accidentally killed by a horse-drawn wagon carrying a load of uniforms. His death almost destroyed Marie, because she not only lost her husband but also a fellow scientist whom she deeply respected. She hid her grief as best as possible from the public and kept her emotions inside. Her father-in-law after his son’s death, volunteered to take care of his granddaughters while Marie worked in the laboratory. At first she was barely able to touch her instruments or finish an experiment, but with in a few weeks after the funeral she was busy with her continued research into radium and polonium. Between 1906-1910 Marie made great progress in her efforts to rebuild her life. Her professional work did not produce the astounding successes of her early experiments with radioactivity, but she was able to collect a pure sample of radium in 1910 and proved for the last time that her work was valid. She also began to take advantage of her international fame (she was known as the “celebrated widow” and the “radium woman”) which gave her a great deal of power in dealing with her colleagues. American industrial tycoon Andrew Carnegie was impressed by her work during a trip to Paris, and he established a scholarship fund at the Sorbonne named after her and her husband. The fund enabled her to develop a group of students who would continue her research into radioactivity. In 1911 Marie was awarded another Nobel Prize in chemistry for her discovery of radium and polonium and for the chemical isolation of pure radium.

During World War I, she set up a network of X-ray examination stations throughout France, with the help of her daughter and a few assistants. These stations were the first chance for many doctors to use X rays to diagnose injures. At the end of the war, Marie was faced with having to rebuild much of her staff and to find equipment that her laboratory still needed. The war had drained the finances of both France’s government and its citizens. By 1919, the Curie branches of the Radium Institute were conducting research with their limited resources. Finally in the 1920s she decided to use her influence as a way to raise money for new equipment and other research expenses. She agreed to visit the United States to receive the money for a gram of radium if Marie Meloney, who was

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