... being important culturally and economically, Muslim cities in the Post-Classical Age were politically important as residence of the throne and of central political powers. Iberian Muslim of Arab origin historian Andalusian's (Doc #2) writing about the situation of Cordoba after the Arab conquest says that Cordoba served as the "throne of the Caliphate" and "heart of the entire region" as well as "headquarters of the army" and "mother of all ... and accurate. Therefore, it'd be nice to have a document from the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur writing from his perspective as to what role...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... why Germany was unified in 1870. The problem of German Unity had been an issue for the German States for quite some time; in 1848 the Liberal Nationalists saw the opportunity to unite Germany following the revolutions of "48, and the subsequent changes in government and constitution, on this occasion the nationalist outcry resulted in the formation of a Federal Diet at Frankfurt. This German Confederation excluded Austria, because of ... the initial victory the Prussian Generals and the King were determined to march on Vienna and totally destroy the retreating army, and if possible, annex...

• Word Count: 1515
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... 12 March 1947, marking the start of American Containment Policy. It provided economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey, which were in a state of devastation after World War II, and in fear that these weakened countries may succumb to communist pressure or turn to communism as it offered a solution to their problems, the Truman Doctrine was introduced to offer help. It is important in causing the Cold ... 's reluctance to directly confront or provoke the Soviets. The fact that Truman made no mention of the terms 'Soviets' and 'communism' in his address and used the term &ap...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... was evidently present prior to 1688. The Tories represented a significant portion of the landowning interest and on national issues, and they protected the interests of the Church of England and favored lower taxes, whereas the Whigs generally represented larger landowners and financial interests. In particular, religion was a central to the political identities of politicians. In part this was perhaps because of the Church of England's difficulties with the Glorious Revolution because, having developed firm ... views on the unlawfulness of resistance to kings, some of its clergy found ...

• Word Count: 595
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... of the immigrants settled in slave states, where the foreign–born percentage of the population was less than a fourth of the North's percentage. The South's white population was ethnically was ethnically more homogeneous and less cosmopolitan than the North's. Northerners cited the differential in population growth as evidence for the superiority of the free-labor system: Southerners perceived it with alarm as evidence of their declining minority status in the nation. These perceptions became important ... factors in the growing sectional ... ...

• Word Count: 721
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... an "unfulfilled national purpose [from the first Indochina War]" and that by being the formidably stronger opponent, the Americans confronted the strategy of the weak, or, in other words, made the Vietnamese more fervent underdogs. Because of this, there was no way the Americans could ever win the war without eventually committing genocide, thereby contradicting the purpose of their efforts to begin with. The efforts of the Vietnamese people against the United States demonstrated how misguided ... American perceptions were about the strength of ideological resolve and the social organ...

• Word Count: 849
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... for Civil Rights, Bayard Rustin is mostly remembered for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which has been one of the most famous of the non-violent marches in United States history. He had used Gandhi's tactics of nonviolence by introducing it to the American civil rights movement, while at the same time, bringing Martin Luther King, Jr. to the forefront as the focal point for nonviolence and ... was content with his status as an "intellectual engineer behind the scenes." In their view, Rustin was a powerful man with such a powerful political philosophy that the leadership at...

• Word Count: 1949
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... be examined. The first debate is that throughout their existence of the American continent, African American women have been engaged in political activity, the nature of which has been determined by the legal and cultural circumstances they faced at the time. The second is that African American women's political activities have been directed toward altering their disadvantaged status both as African Americans and as women. Third is the observation that, historically, African American ... women have escalated their political activity progressively, moving from a predominance of nontradi...

• Word Count: 486
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... changes included the enactment of a democratic modeled Soviet constitution, the establishment of a Constituent Assembly and the Bolshevik's socialist commitment to the emancipation of women in The Marriage Code of 1918. These reforms demonstrate the democratic side of Bolshevism as it successfully yielded popularity when the government was fragile and lacked a traditional machinery of power because they appealed to the populace. Bolshevik ideology was sacrificed in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on 3rd March 1918, as the party ... of the abolishment of soldiers' committees, the r...

• Word Count: 1089
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... while 34% oppose it. In the Eastern and Southern regions the revolution is supported by only 20% of the population, whereas 57% or more of the population in the rest of the country supports the change in government. Also, only 2% of those polled said they fully or partially trusted former president Viktor Yanukovych. The annexation of Crimea into the Russian Federation occurred in March 2014 when the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol, both recognized as Ukrainian ...  territory, became parts of the Russian Federation. Starting 21 March 2014 ... ...

• Word Count: 1170
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... to account for Japan's defeat, the conflicts nature did not change, and without the forced surrender of Japan China was on the way to losing the war. The early years of the Sino-Japanese war explain why the situation did not change after US intervention, and without these events the nature of the conflict for China could have been much more positive. An example of such an event is the Xian incident in 1936; Chiang Kai ... -Shek was kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang and put under house arrest, forcing to fight the Japanese instead of the CCP. The CCP before this point had just completed the lon...

• Word Count: 750
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... be viewed as the anima manifest within the myth of Gilgamesh; moreover, Gilgamesh's final acceptance of his mortality and the ineffability of the eternal may be viewed as a reflection of the individual's relationship with the Collective Unconscious. When deconstructing myth in terms of archetypes it is important to consider that the psychological and psychoanalytical context underlying such an analyses is only one means of studying myth and ... takes the form of seductive and inspirational figures. The epic of Gilgamesh presents Ishtar as a seductive goddess who at one point lusts for Gi...

• Word Count: 874
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... "Nations and Nationalism" Gellner attempts to answer the question of why nationalism is so pervasive in the modern world. He believed that the economies of industrialized states depend upon a homogenizing high culture, mass literacy and an educational system controlled by the state. In a sense, a Marxist ideology can be found in such theories, exemplified by Nairn, who believes that nationalism is the product of the uneven development of regions within a world capitalist economy. "As ... , in some cases led to the formation of new states, such as in the case of the Treaty of Versailles o...

• Word Count: 3295
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Graduate

... can be traced historically. He believes that it is the confrontation between the two groups that intensifies the radical quality of the Enlightenment, thus pushing forward the constant improvement of the political theories. Overall, because of the connection between Enlightenment ideas and politics, Bronner suggests an alternative but necessary way of presenting the Enlightenment ideals under the context of contemporary society where the Enlightenment ideas has lost its salience comparing to the eighteenth century in the preface and chapter ... appear at a noticeable frequency. There is...

• Word Count: 968
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... less. Longer term debt instruments include notes (debt with original maturities of less than seven years) and various types of corporate bonds (debt with original maturities of more than seven years). For two reasons, the capitol budgeting function is arguably the single most important activity of the firm's financial managers. First, the scale that managers evaluate in the capital budgeting process is usually quite large. Second, companies can prosper in competitive economy ... rationally do not wish to work harder than necessary if others will reap most of the benefits. Finally, manag...

• Word Count: 1383
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Catherine is once more being taken seriously as an intellectual, engagee and writer (an inveterate `scribbler', as she called herself and a ruler addicted to `legislomania'). Committed to the values of the philosophes, she believed fervently in the power of enlightened ideas and legislation and energetically strove to put theory into practice by influencing and forming a `public opinion' in Russia sympathetic to her objectives. She wrote moral tales ... ' Home (1764) which she established also saved young lives which, in turn, she intended to turn into useful lives. (See Janet Hartley, `Philan...

• Word Count: 429
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... against the indefinite continuance of slavery, paving the way for the energetic abolitionists of the coming decades, most of whom hailed from these Northern territories. This anti-slavery sentiment was recognizable from the colonial period, as the Quakers of the Pennsylvania colony established the first anti-slavery organization in the New World. In addition, a court decision upholding the abolition of slavery in Massachusetts claimed that all men are born free and equal and every subject is ... entitled to liberty (Document B). Clearly, northern territories such as Massachusetts were t...

• Word Count: 493
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... made, it is easy to see why the strategic decision making is reported to fail or be branded inefficient by it's many critics who instead argue the value of the role of intuition in the decision making process. However the work of Simon on "bounded rationality" explain these assumptions in the decision making process and came to conclude that "Because of the limits of human intellective capacities in comparison with the complexities of the problems that the individuals and ... he called "satisficing behaviour", which is essentially finding a satisfactory solution rather than the optimum ...

• Word Count: 911
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... development of the countries, politics and economies of Latin America. The main focus of the video is on the Latin American country of Argentina. It explores this nation's quest to become a developed nation as it retells the story of its many political and economic struggles through history. It makes the viewer travel along the road of important Argentinean events through the years, such as the Peronist rule and eventual coup d"etat, the "Dirty War" years, the period of military dictatorship, the ... the early 1980's. I found particularly curious the fact that the video depicts Argentin...

• Word Count: 400
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... which held strong to tradition. Enclosure of land was a starting element to the unrest as many feared that this would decrease their land that they relied on for their livelihood, this, with the increase of rent created an underlying tension amongst the people. These socially economic causes were important and crucial parts of people everyday lives which were being ... changed. Rumours circulated around towns and villages which stirred up man y opponents towards Cromwell's and the governments interference into matters which apparently were best ... the people. It was the fact that the i...

• Word Count: 1219
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... 's own merit and ability. These changes constituted two of the characteristics that would eventually shape the Renaissance – humanism, the celebration of mankind's achievement and ability; and the spirit of inquiry and discovery and critical thinking. Another of the causes of the Renaissance was the advent of new technology. One example was the invention of the printing press by John Gutenberg of Mainz. Known as the letterpress printing, this form of printing was not only efficient but made books ... bypassed Ecclesiastical control and it was made possible to disseminate ideologies, op...

• Word Count: 738
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Administration (TSA) is an agency of the U.S Department of Homeland Security that exercises authority over the security of the traveling public in the United States of America. The TSA was created as part of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, passed by the 107th U.S. Congress, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 19, 2001. Originally part of the United States Department of Transportation, the TSA was moved to the Department of Homeland Security on March 9, 2003. Being ... see them providing more respect and rules admiration. Despite the fact...

• Word Count: 952
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the most important intelligence discipline. The reasons being include, but are not limited to, the fact that we operate to obtain the face-to-face truth without technology, acquire information that other intelligence disciplines may have missed, and support any commander better than any other intelligence discipline. From 2004, when I joined, to the present, the United States Army has significantly increased the amount HUMINT personnel due ... , acquire information that other intelligence disciplines may have missed, and support any commander better than any othe...

• Word Count: 500
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... . Companies believe that competitive advantage is created by a greater level of operational effectiveness than competitors, or what Porter describes as "performing similar activities better than rivals perform them." The competitive advantage created by greater efficiency and operational effectiveness is not sustainable, however, and is actually detrimental in the long-run. This is because steps taken to increase operational ... in a different way - so different, in fact, that competitors find it extremely difficult and costly to imitate those differences. The reason operational effectiv...

• Word Count: 292
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Graduate

... that have made Northern Ireland perhaps the bloodiest and most violent battleground of the 20th Century. Violent hostility raged throughout the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland through the last half the 20th Century, but an uneasy, delicate peace agreement was established in the Good Friday Agreement in the year of 1998. The agreement launched the birth of the Northern Ireland Assembly, a 108 member legislative body that is comprised of both Catholic and Protestant political representatives ... . The peace terms more importantly, also included a fragile ceasefire between the pa...

• Word Count: 695
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate