... in the development of the USSR, industrialisation occurred in varying forms under both Lenin and Stalin, the two great individuals at the helm of communist Russia. Under Lenin industrialisation was initialised by aiming to recover the economy from the toils of war and the necessary policy of War communism. ... With Lenin's Death in 1924 Stalin (after a political battle for the party) took on the responsibility of seeing Lenin's vision of a economically strong communist Russia through. Like Lenin, Stalin was willing to use Terror, force and coercion to achieve his goals. With Stalin at th...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... limited capitalism. Peasants were allowed to keep their surpluses after taxes were paid. Bonuses, extra rations and better housing were offered as incentives. Still there was widespread opposition to the communist policy with the beginnings of a "peasant war- against Stalin's' proposed collectivisation policy in 1928. (21) Although agricultural production increased, the standard of living was lowered and hardship was ... widespread. Forcible collectivisation was pursued until 1935. This again shows the people's general opposition to communist policies. Collectivisation failed to meet ag...

• Word Count: 5545
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... limited capitalism. Peasants were allowed to keep their surpluses after taxes were paid. Bonuses, extra rations and better housing were offered as incentives. Still there was widespread opposition to the communist policy with the beginnings of a "peasant war- against Stalin's' proposed collectivisation policy in 1928. (21) Although agricultural production increased, the standard of living was lowered and hardship was ... widespread. Forcible collectivisation was pursued until 1935. This again shows the people's general opposition to communist policies. Collectivisation failed to meet ag...

• Word Count: 5545
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... limited capitalism. Peasants were allowed to keep their surpluses after taxes were paid. Bonuses, extra rations and better housing were offered as incentives. Still there was widespread opposition to the communist policy with the beginnings of a "peasant war- against Stalin's' proposed collectivisation policy in 1928. (21) Although agricultural production increased, the standard of living was lowered and hardship was ... widespread. Forcible collectivisation was pursued until 1935. This again shows the people's general opposition to communist policies. Collectivisation failed to meet ag...

• Word Count: 5545
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... totalitarianism. However, Communism is not all that powerful like it seems to be. First of all, the Soviet or the Eastern bloc people never support Communism. The fact that the communist regime in Eastern Europe faced constant opposition had proven this statement. Violence revolutions, form by the Anti-Communists, often occurred. East Germany, Poland, and Hungary were three major examples. Between ... , once again, Khrushchev sought for solution in having a barging with the Hungarian. This time he took away Mátyás Rákosi and put Nagy, the leader of the moderate communist, to his posit...

• Word Count: 2474
• Approx Pages: 10

... American policymakers believed that "unless something could be done to strengthen the shaky pro-American governments in Western Europe, those governments might fall under the control of rapidly growing domestic communist parties."" In February of 1948, a coup in Czechoslovakia, taken over by Stalin's allies, abolished any opposition preventing the Marshall plan from going into effect. That same year ... approved, the president received expanded powers in pursuit of international goals through agencies such as a National Security Council (NSC) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The m...

• Word Count: 2810
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , leading to the establishment of the U.S.S.R as a pinnacle world superpower in less than half a century. Industrialisation was the primary goal of Lenin and Stalin, as well as many communist party members. The Soviet economy had made advances under Lenin's semi-capitalist N.E.P with its slight capitalist elements, but Stalin's five-year plans were far more ambitious and so far riskier ... , which had been largely ignored and discouraged beforehand, and through this he glorified himself as a dictator of the people and a true proletariat fighting back the bourgeois academics polluting the ...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... It can be argued that the Cold War was inevitable, and therefore no one's fault, due to the differences in the capitalist and communist ideologies. It was only the need for self-preservation that had caused the two countries to sink their differences temporarily during the Second World ... be skewed. The Russians claim, and have always claimed, that Stalin's motives were purely defensive. Stalin's wished to create a buffer zone of Communist states around him to protect Soviet Russia from the capitalist West. In this sense, his moves were not aggressive at all -- they were truly ... f...

• Word Count: 1438
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... - Now days the Truman Doctrine is thought to have become an "ideological shield - by which America could explain any threats to the Western system as communist inspired not as a fault of the system. However the Soviet's saw this as a very aggressive move. They also thought the Marshall Plan was a ... Russian response to the Marshall plan while Cominform was the response to the Truman Doctrine. Cominform was designed to strengthen the ties between the European communist countries. Comecon was the economic portion of Cominform and was aimed at strengthening Cominform. These policies led t...

• Word Count: 2407
• Approx Pages: 10

... was forced to change it's forms and objectives. Stalin's Russia was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion. Towards that end, the Communist regime confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated atheism in the schools. Actions toward particular religions, however, were determined by State interests, and most organized ... of consumer goods occurred. The First Five-Year Plan also called for transforming Soviet agriculture from predominantly individual farms into a system of large state collective farms. The Commun...

• Word Count: 7028
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky. The truth is that a power struggle took place between them. After 1921 anyone who stood up to Lenin and the Communist Party was treated as an outlaw. Inside the party Lenin banned arguments and splits. The Central Executive Committee ruled the party. Inside it a small group ... Another group, the Orgburo, was responsible for organisation, and the Secretariat carried out the decisions, making sure that the Government, Sovnarkom, did what the communist Party told it to do. Lenin was Chairman of Sovnarkom and appointed leading members of the party to it. In 1924...

• Word Count: 1872
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... of the country. Armed uprisings broke out and grew into civil war. Stalin was active on the southern military front. In 1922, the Communist Party's Central Committee elected Stalin as its general secretary. The Bolsheviks won the civil war in 1920. They then began to rebuild the ... invaded Baltic countries suich as Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Stalin tried to destroy the middle classes in these countries. Stalin set up Communist governments and joined them to the Soviet Union. Reign Of Terror Under the czars, the Russian secret police had often arrested revolutionists and ... the o...

• Word Count: 2506
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... parties, they still followed similar philosophical beliefs. Furthermore, these beliefs all revolved around a form of totalitarian rule, just on different levels. Thus, Hitler's Nazi Party and Stalin's Communist Party were examples of true totalitarianism while Mussolini's Fascist Party also was indeed totalitarian, just of a lesser breed. Living from1889 to 1945, Adolf Hitler was a powerful leader who ... . Before this group gained power, Germany was suffering from the Great Depression, especially because of problems such as inflation and unemployment. Also, numerous conservatives were ...

• Word Count: 1030
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... effective. The first period of Soviet foreign policy was strictly ideological, where their actions were determined by their aspirations instead of practicality. Its aim was world communism; all countries becoming communist beginning with Germany, as it was thought that until this happened Russia could not build their utopian society. The ministry of foreign affairs was changed to the People's Commissariat of ... foreign affairs and led by Leon Trotsky; however he approached his job with the expectance of an immediate worldwide communist revolution. "I will issue a few revolutionary proc...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of dividing land up was to control Germany until a new government could be instated. West Germany became a surprisingly stable western democracy. However, East Germany was established as a Stalin-style communist state. The East German government was formed into a centralized and dictatorial regime. Free speech and opinions against the regime were not tolerated, and artistic and intellectual programs were strongly controlled ... Eastern Europe. They had agreed that Eastern Europe would be a Soviet "sphere of influence" and that Stalin would heavily influence this region. However, they ha...

• Word Count: 1460
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... soviets as simply maintaining security of the USSR. On 12th April 1945 Roosevelt died, replaced by the vice president Harry Truman, a bitter anti-Communist. He was much more suspicious of Stalin than Roosevelt. When Germany surrendered American troops began to move to the Pacific and Soviet superiority in Europe ... Army swept through Eastern Europe leaving in its wake pro-Moscow governments. As 1945 progressed this continued even more rapidly and the communist movements in Eastern Europe became stronger. Stalin made sure that he had a tight grip on Eastern Europe by introducing the Comi...

• Word Count: 1962
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... between the animals and the Russian political system. By intentionally allegorising Napoleon (the main leader of animal farm), Orwell has represented Stalin, the Communist leader of Russia. Through this, the development of Stalin's government can be seen. During the start of the revolution, the animals are ... is by his idea of "collectivisation agriculture". Therefore, Orwell has shown both Napoleon and Stalin to develop and abuse their power as Communist leaders, and hints at the downfall of their respective revolutions. Allegory is also used to show relevant events of the revolution. ...

• Word Count: 635
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... believed. His ideas were to be lived by without exception and no-one was allowed to challenge him as the absolute ruler. The communist party was the only party allowed to exist in the Soviet Union. The party was run by Stalin and he demanded complete obedience from the ... party members. The Communist party was made to serve Stalin's needs and not those of the communist party. Stalin made his party seem like it was democratic and like it suited the peoples needs by compelling ... people disappeared from the country at this time because they were threatened by their leader. Loyalty was e...

• Word Count: 911
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... USSR, Britain, and the United States ended. The arguments between the East and the West began almost immediately. A major rivalry between non-communist and communist nations had officially begun to start the Cold War. After the war, Germany was divided into four zones of occupation by the United States, ... The countries that were being controlled by the Soviet Union were East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, which were all under communist rule. It was the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill that first referred to Europe being divided by an "iron curtain." T...

• Word Count: 664
• Approx Pages: 3

... , largely, through emotional appeal. Several dictators have used propaganda during wars in order to dehumanize the enemy. The Soviet propaganda promoted Marxist and Leninist ideology in order to promote the Communist Party and its leader, Stalin. This propaganda was aimed at creating an idolization of Stalin through the entire country, extolling the virtues of the new ideology of the religion of ... connotations. His cult began by portraying him as a "strong," "beloved," "bold," and "genius" leader. The interaction between Stalin and children from the Communist Party became an extremely ...

• Word Count: 806
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Europe the US might loose the market. Therefore, the United States sought free flow of capital and the "open door" economy. The communist ideology and the western reaction to it had not changed by the end of the World War II. Americans still believed that the Soviet ... the rivers Oder and Neisse, Poland was to gain Danzig. Some members of the exile government in London to be integrated into the communist Lublin government Stalin promised to hold free elections at the end of hostilities The main issue surrounding this provisional Polish government at the Yalta ... Soviet Union had occu...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a success for the Bolsheviks, due to Kerensky fleeing the city allowing the Bolsheviks a comparatively straight forward take over of the Winter palace, where the Provisional Government was. This secured the Communist victory. Trotsky also played a major part in organizing the Civil War, which secured the Communists victory against the Whites, and secured the Communists position in Russia. He was the Commissar ... way Lenin did, his arrogance and unconsiderate approach to those he considered stupid, alienated many people. However, on the other hand, Stalin had a powerful position as Gene...

• Word Count: 1694
• Approx Pages: 7

... opportunity he had and ran like the wind with it, and assured his future position as the leader of the Communist party. Stalin rose and became one of the most influential man in the Communist party. From that point on, it was simply a bit of propaganda, a bit of magic, and gallons ... of luck that combined to make Stalin the leader of the entire Communist world and one of the most powerful man in all of history. Some of the real reasons for Stalin's rise to power were that his ... the Stalin Constitution. It supposedly preserved the work of Lenin. Most power of the Soviet government wer...

• Word Count: 871
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... 1940's rise of Communism in the Soviet Union, a.k.a. Russia. At first glance this may not be apparent to the average reader, but with a closer look each animal has a characteristic of a Communist leader. Orwell changed his story into a beast fable based on the fear of what the public would think about him criticizing Communism. He changed each ... country much as Snowball does in Animal Farm. Near the end of Orwell's story the other animals stumble upon Napoleon acting as a human. Or in Orwell's eyes, Stalin acting as a Communist. Something the Soviets had not initially anticipated. Fur...

• Word Count: 554
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... the completion of two of the five year plans the USSR was turned into a modern state, able to resist Hitler's invasion. There was genuine communist enthusiasm among the young "pioneers" or soviets. There were huge achievements in the building of new cities, built wholly around industry, bringing new life ... punishment and as system of rewards and incentives. At the time the majority of factory workers were still young and impressionable, still intoxicated by the communist theory. Many were willing to suffer a "few years of hardship for the promised land of a better society."1 Posters, s...

• Word Count: 2886
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School