... huge legal implications and a huge worldwide public outcry. So why, then, did so few Romans object to the arena spectacles where men and exotic beasts were slaughtered daily in the most brutal of fashions in the name of entertainment? On commencing my research I learned that my personal view is ... the break, entertainment was provided. Criminals who had committed particularly serious crimes such as arson, treason and murder were executed or thrown to the beasts. The afternoon was seen as the main event, where gladiatorial combat would take place, featuring many different types of gladi...

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... with the extensive and well-maintained road system of the Western Roman Empire therefore there was an absence of wheeled traffic. Goods were carried on the backs of beasts or women, limiting the coast of the Empire as the only economically accessible area. Byzantium began with a Hellenistic urban heritage: the Mediterranean and Balkan shores were fringed by Greek cities that became increasingly ... ...

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... : Cruelty. Caligula's "disfigured many men of high rank, sent them to the mines, to work in repairing the highways or to fight with wild beasts" (Suetonius 267) To a "Roman knight, who had been exposed to the wild beasts, crying out that he was innocent, he called him back, and having had his tongue cut out, remanded him to the arena." (Suetonius 267 ... his breast, and a label signifying the cause of his punishment." (Suetonius 271) Caligula's mental illness is evident in everything he does, "From time to time he had half-starved wild beasts brought into the arena to be fought not by gl...

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... could enter the building through no less than 80 entrances. Under the floor of the arena were chambers which were used as regiments for the gladiators, for dens of wild beasts, beast elevators. Above all these chambers allowed the arena to be flooded very quickly for mock naval battles. The wall that surrounded the arena was fifteen feet high. There were ... rollers hung on this wall to prevent the animals from climbing up the wall and getting into the crowd. Other shows in the amphitheatre included fights of wild beasts. Also by flooding the arena with water, it could be adapted for th...

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... then led Varus and his legions to Teutoburg forest right where the combined Germanic tribes were waiting for him. Arminius then left the Roman legions with his men, officially to drum up more Germanic support for the Roman campaign, but unofficially to attack Roman forts and abandon Varus and the legions to the Germanic tribes. Varus was now trapped in hostile ... ...

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... . On all four identical sides, a flight of steps leads to a portico standing upon the podium, and the whole is crowned by a low-pitched pyramidal roof through which rises the shallow drum of a circular dome. The dome covers a circular hall approached through a lobby from each of the portico's, and rising the full height of the building. From the four lobbies, rectangular rooms ... ...

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The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art was the first museum on the west coast dedicated to 20th century art. It first opened in 1935 but underwent a major renovation and opened a new museum facility designed by renowned Swiss architect Mario Botta in January of 1995. ... museum to a worldwide landmark. Mario Botta's renovation to the SFMOMA created not only a landmark, but a modern glimpse to the ancient architectural masterpieces of Rome. The current incarnation of the west coast's first museum dedicated to modern art is sure to stand for many years to come in the new millennium, and is als...

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... ... except Vestal Virgins. A spendthrift is forbidden to exercise administration over his own goods. Persons shall mend roadways. If they do not keep them laid with stone, a person shall drive his beasts where he wishes. It is permitted to gather fruit falling down on another man's farm. If any person has sung or composed against another person a song such as was causing ... ...

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... me that after "cena-, Latin for dinner, we would go to tonight's event, the so-called "indestructible- gladiator would fight against the empire's strongest barbarians and a great quantity of wild beasts; truly a magnificent event to culminate a wonderful day. The smell of grapes and wine fill the air as we approach the second level, where mostly wine and oil is sold. There ... ...

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... and led to the defections of five Greek towns to Rome. The Romans failed to press home their advantage the next year, and went on a pointless raid of the African coast east of Carthage. On the way back they were caught in another viscious, violent gale and lost 150 ships. The Death of Regulus Around 250 the Cathaginians sent their capitve ... they won't eat, let them drink." The gods were not amused. As if this defeat was not bad enough, the Carthaginian reinforcement fleet seized some Roman ships on the south coast of Italy, then forced the remaining Roman fleet into an exposed positio...

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... markets and trading places (Doc 4). Nonetheless, the markets of Rome were also amazing, many years before. The Incan Empire was very vast and large, stretching all up the South American coast. However, the Roman Empire was much larger and cosmic. The Incan ruler ordered irrigation channels to be built when he set up a government in his conquered kingdoms (Doc 5). This irrigation ... ...

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... report for military service. Mongol Empire4 Chinghis Khan started the Mongol Empire in the 1190's. He and his successors conquered all the way form the Black Sea to the east coast of the Asia Continent. What attributed to their great success was their tolerance to diverse religions, their acceptance/utility of captives and of their military might. Their control of communication ... ...

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... Muslim Arabs invaded its Middle Eastern territory. By 642, the Arabs had conquered Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. By the early 700's, the empire consisted only of Asia Minor, the Balkan coast, Crete and other Greek islands, southern Italy, and Sicily. In the 700's and early 800's, Byzantine emperors tried to end the worship of images of Jesus Christ and the saints ... ...

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... over Egypt, where hieroglyphic inscriptions show that he probably presented himself as the successor to the Persian king as the land's ruler rather than as an Egyptian pharaoh. On the coast, west of the Nile River Alexander founded a new city in 331 BC named Alexandria after himself, the first of the many cities he would later go on to establish as ... ...

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... support the already large army. It was this army that was about to enter into Numidia to do battle. The native Numidians lived in small clans along the northern African coast. They were led by King Masinissa, who made many changes to the land during the early years of the second century. He was able to make new grounds for his ... ...

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... cowards were punished shamefully and often put to death. Rome's conquest of the Italian peninsula brought it into contact with a new rival, Carthage. Carthage was located on • - the northern coast of Africa. Between 2O4Rc and l4O~c~, Rome fought three wars with Carthage. These were known as the Punic Wars. 1ct Punic War - Romans defeat Carthage, forcing it to surrender Sicily ... ...

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... Roman soldiers was sent to stop Hannibal's army of now 50,000 once and for all. In July of 216 B.C., the Romans came across the Carthaginians on the Italian east coast. Since there were so many of them, Hannibal realized that he would have to have a good plan,he did. As the two groups met, Hannibal's cavalry took the lead and ... ...

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... Greece. These three lands were all located in the same area, providing a throughway to Rome for trade routes from China and the Middle East. Thrace, being on the south western coast of the Black Sea made it easy for the Romans to sail farther inland to what is today Russia. Greece was located on the Agean Sea and Macedonia was to ... ...

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... . The other piece of literacy evidence about Roman Britain is Julius Caesar's account in which he describes two trips to the island. The brief visit in 55 B.C to the Kent coast and his return in greater force the next year when he stormed a British kings fortress before withdrawing again. The former of the two pieces of evidence is the most useful ... ...

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... terrible rulers. The geography of Rome, led to easy expansion and control. Rome is located on the Italian peninsula, in the Mediterranean Sea. Basically, it conquered until it controlled every coast of the Mediterranean. Rome had almost free use, no risk trade through out these waters, and having ports on every point in Rome allowed for easy trade directly to the ... ...

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... or trade and commerce. The Pyrrhic wars were basically a dispute between Rome and Tarentum and the battle of their harbors. Tarentum is made up of Greek colonies on the southern coast of Italy. They attacked Rome's harbors and eventually approached the king Pyrrus of Epirus. He accepted this approachment and took side of Tarentum and with his twenty-five thousand soldiers ... ...

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... that Antony had made his children by Cleo-patra his heirs and abandon his roman wife and children he prepared for battle. Gaius defeated Antony in a navel battle off the coast of Greece in thirty-one BC. When Antony and Cleo-patra fled to Egypt after the defeat Gaius began the invasion of Egypt. With the defeat of Egypt game great ... ...

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... communities in the area started to move together to form more urban environments. In the late Iron Age the Greeks and the Romans started to settle colonies along the west coast and trade goods with them while giving them new ideas and concepts at the same time. When the Greeks and the Romans came so did their war. War spread quickly ... ...

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... begins and ends with parallels to the Iliad, using references to Troy and her people: The Iliad starts off with: "I sing of warfare and a man at war. From the sea- coast of Troy in early days He came to Italy by destiny To our Lavinian western shore ."" And finishes with: "In deep suspense the Trojan seem'd to stand, And, just prepar ... ...

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... great number of Passover visitors who had been trapped there were brutally slaughtered, with an estimated 600,000 people killed. The Roman army then moved over to Caesarea on the coast of The Mediterranean Sea where a great many more were killed. Over 90,000 were taken captive, including the historian Flavius Josephus who recorded the events in his Wars of The ... ...

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