... , and Britain might interfere with Prussia. Bismarck issued a joint demand with Austria in January of 1864 which demanded Denmark to restore Schleswig-Holstein's status-quo. With Denmark's refusal, the Austrian-Prussian army invaded Holstein and overtook it. They later invaded Schleswig too and defeated the Danish army. Because of Denmark's refusal to compromise and that Denmark's stance in the matter ... of April. The agreement ended ninety days later because the Italians "did not trust" Bismarck. (5) Bismarck simply waited for Austria to provoke the war. On June 1, 1866, Habsburg, an Au...

• Word Count: 4829
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... still very low. Whatever money he saved, he sent to his mother. Napoleon was in Marseilles on military duty when a revolt against the Jacobin government broke out in the Mediterranean port city of Toulon. Napoleon was called into action to replace an artillery officer who had been wounded in battle. ... Italy into southern France. So they sent Napoleon to stop them. Napoleon's soldiers marched into Italy. Convinced he could defy and conquer the great Austrian army, they eagerly went into battle. In fourteen days they won six battles. They marched across Italy, conquering city after city,...

• Word Count: 2927
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... in Italy in 1830-1831. Finally in 1836, he started to direct his attention towards France. In that year he tried to overthrow the government of the current French ruler, Louis Phillipe. He was unsuccessful and was exiled to the United States. After returning to Switzerland, he once again ... in order to fully live up to the great Napoleon, he would need to be emperor as well. So, on November 7, 1852, the French government, or senatus-consulte restored the "imperial dignity- and named Louis the new Emperor. The decision was made final on November 22, when a plebiscite came ... Napoleon I...

• Word Count: 1550
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... same as it had been after the Congress of Vienna before 1848. Most of the states were under the regime of political repression, autocratic government and aristocratic privilege with the exception of France, Belgium and Britain only.Austria, under Metternich System was one of the repression and reaction ... because autocratic rule was re-established throughout Europe in the 1850's. Though Metternich was forced to flee, reactionary rule was re-established in Austria. Austrian control was restored in Northern Italy. In fact,the fall of Metternich signified the end of the Metternich system a...

• Word Count: 953
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... and was isolated in Egypt. Cowardly, he and some friends shipped back to France, leaving behind hundreds of soldiers, after some unsuccessful campaigns. In 1799, the public turned against the government following the "Coup d"Etat de Brumaire," Napoleon then became the ruler of France. Napoleon and France made peace with the rest of Europe after defeating the Austrians in Marengo in ... his highly trained "Grand Armee" into Central Europe to declare war on Russia and Austria. The war was over, but he wasn't satisfied until he demolished the remains of the Austrian army after they surrend...

• Word Count: 1138
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... away by the revolution. The National Assembly called for freedom of worship and abolished all special activities and privileges of the Catholic Church. To raise money that was needed, the government began selling off church lands, which angered many Catholics. In 1791, the National Assembly brought forward a new constitution. It made France a limited monarchy and established a system of separation of ... . He was sentenced to death. News of his death spread all throughout Europe. Monarchs of European nations feared that the Revolution would spread. By 1793, the French armies occupied th...

• Word Count: 2218
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... a privileged few. The French revolution was a series of political acts that began in 1789 by reformers in the French Government to take away the absolute power of the King and the rich landowners to form a Government elected by all the people. The new Government brought many changes. They adopted the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen". All Frenchmen were ... years. This was also known as a time of terror. By 1793, several groups had formed within the Government. One of these was the Montaguards. At the time King, Louis XVI, was executed. He wanted the Austrian troops ...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... successful in defending France in domestic violence. They resented the rising and unequal taxes, the persecution of religious minorities, and government interference in their private lives. These resentments, in addition to an inefficient government and outdated legal system, made the French government seem more and more inadequate to the French people. The royal court of Versailles, which had been developed to impress the ... was forced to borrow, which it did a lot of in the 18th century. Debt grew larger and larger, in part because France participated in several costly wars: War of t...

• Word Count: 1926
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Estates. On May 5, 1789, Louis called a meeting of the Estates-General in Versailles. Once in session, the Estates-General assumed the powers of the government. On June 20th of the same year the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly and made the Tennis Court Oath, a pledge to not separate ... France's financial crisis also played an important role in the French Revolution. France had incurred a great deal of debt during the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years War, and by aiding American colonists during the American Revolution. The taxation system was unfair ...

• Word Count: 1327
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... XIV (1774-1793) was king at the time of the French Revolution. He was more interested in hunting than governing France. He and his Austrian queen, Marie Antoinette, lived an extravagant life at the Palace of Versailles. They did not really care about the state of their country. He ... paid enough and never new whether their jobs were in danger of being lost. These people were called sans-culottes. They demanded that the government would guarantee them a living salary. (Dempsey, Parr pg.219) People in the Legislative Assembly had different opinions about the revolution. In 1792 ... to p...

• Word Count: 1392
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... of France also had a profound influence in the Revolution. The people of France were broken into three estates. The privileged aristocracy which filled government lived in large cities in the company of other high officials. The lower nobility lived in smaller divisions with peasants. Offices were available at ... prices only the wealthy city-living official could afford so that the poorer clergy and educated middle class could not invade the manipulative French government (2). The French Revolution is often considered a political revolution with good reason. Th kings that ruled France l...

• Word Count: 1021
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Commander in chief of the army of Italy. In victory after victory he established himself as a political power that The Directory (French government officials) feared him and constantly shipped him around the continent. However, elections took place, the royalist seemingly were going to take over the ... government which cause Austria to take a second guess on a peace agreement with France. Napoleon crushed the royalist movement and forced Austria to a peace ... which probably didn't help his, invincible ego. By the age of thirty, Napoleon was said to have the France in his hand. He soon...

• Word Count: 1797
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of 1689 and 1748 France and Britain had the War of the League of Augsburg "King William's War", War of Spanish Succession "Queen Anne's War", and the War of the Austrian Succession "King George's War." All three of these wars led up to the Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian War. As the British colonies grew in ... population and wealth, the British government began to worry about the attacks from France and Spain. A French motive for attack on British was their desire for land. This was the time for claiming land and they ... . General Jeffrey Amherst and General James...

• Word Count: 637
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... the ninetieth and twentieth nationalism was becoming a powerful force in Europe so people that had the same culture, language(usually),etc wanted their own country. This was a problem for the government of Austria-Hungry that did not want to lose their power and control. The Slavs in the southern part of the empire were their main concern since they wanted to ... against each other about the way they share the conquered land. After the fights Serbia became a stronger country than it was before. This increased the fears in the Austro-Hungarian government. There were alliances between dif...

• Word Count: 1135
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... of finance. Later he was discharged as well. Because of all the problems France was having with financial advisors, when the American Revolution came along and France got involved, the government was soon pressed with many debts. France later filed for a state of bankruptcy on August 16, 1777. The next controller-general, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, took the position in 1783 ... hopes that the estates wouldn't group together and rule against the suggestion, he suggested to Louis that they increase the jobs of the estates, therefore, increasing the money of the government. Louis accept...

• Word Count: 1276
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... respected by his troops. Napoleon's accomplishments off the battlefield were just as impressive as those on. He wanted the administrative arm of his government to be more efficient and uniform. He devised the Napoleonic Code, which brought bureaucratic government under a controlled center. He established the Bank of France in 1880, which allowed the state to borrow money to pay off the huge ... the Mediterranean coast. His exile would be short lived, for he escaped just one hundred days later. As he traveled, he gained supporters and when he reached the area of Austrian Netherlands he w...

• Word Count: 2705
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... strong leader. He chose to spend his time hunting or tinkering with locks than to attending to the affairs of politics. If Louis XVI had attended to the affairs of government he would have found out and corrected the problems of France. But as Louis ignored his duties as ruler more people of the Third Estate became angry and started seeking ... became equal to a noble and everyone had an equal say in everything. The monarchy had no power and Louis fearful of what would happen to him tried to escape to Austrian Netherlands with his family. As punishment Louis and Marie Antoinette were be...

• Word Count: 444
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... Directory was soon losing power, so he abandoned his army and rapidly returned to Paris to take advantage of the situation, becoming the first of three consuls in the new government proclaimed in 1799. As First Consul, Napoleon decided to use his power and end the current fighting between the French and the Church by issuing the Concordat of 1801. In ... establishing the Napoleonic Code. Also in 1804, he did away with the Consul and crowned himself emperor. In 1805, Napoleon was planning an invasion of England when the Russian and Austrian armies began marching towards France. Napoleon'...

• Word Count: 553
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... that exceeded their immediate needs.# The motivations of most of all of the countries involved were to stamp out an aggressor and stop the opposing side gaining more power. The Austrian-Hungarian government did not want the Serbians gaining a foot hold and the British did not want the Germans becoming a stronger world power and isolating them even more. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and ... ...

• Word Count: 2177
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School