... read and write and would frequently visit the local library, reading up about the things that interested him. At an early age, he assembled bottled substances, which he called his "chemistry set"(1). His Parents gave him a microscope that he used for examining these substances. This led to a major interest in science. In 1956 Bill moved to Butler, a town near Pittsburgh where ... College in Pennsylvania. There his passion for physics grew and he started to research under Wilfred Norris, the Physics department chairman for Juniata. What Phillips was researching was, the X-band Electron S...

• Word Count: 1023
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... , many scientists worked to formulate how the atom works. Which began in the early 1800's with John Dalton, to our current model of the electron cloud developed by Schrodinger. During this long process of the discovery the atom, took many models and scientists. The entire group of scientists who assisted ... he discovered negative and positive charged particles. He stated that the atom was made of smaller particles called, electrons and protons. In the discovery of the electron he used the Cathode-ray tube. As he researched he came up with a model of the atom, he stated that the atom was...

• Word Count: 914
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... , many scientists worked to formulate how the atom works. Which began in the early 1800's with John Dalton, to our current model of the electron cloud developed by Schrodinger. During this long process of the discovery the atom, took many models and scientists. The entire group of scientists who assisted ... he discovered negative and positive charged particles. He stated that the atom was made of smaller particles called, electrons and protons. In the discovery of the electron he used the Cathode-ray tube. As he researched he came up with a model of the atom, he stated that the atom was...

• Word Count: 937
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... retention time (RT) within the column. The purified constituents will then travel into the MS portion of the instrument. Introduction Molecules with low-lying (low energy) conjugated pi electron systems tend to absorb electromagnetic radiation in the visible region, between 390 nm and 700nm. Each unique system will absorb characteristic wavelengths of radiation, which are complementary to the difference ... and vibrational system to a higher, less-stable one. Once this energy is absorbed, one of several pathways of relaxation, disassociation or dissipation can occur, which will bring th...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... to the time-independent SchrÖdinger equation, in an atom, electrons have discrete energy levels (orbits) that they can be in. An electron always takes up the lowest energy level possible. Paul Dirak, when solving the SchrÖdinger equation for the possible energy levels for electrons in ... particles, Encarta.com). Fermions are divided into two categories: leptons and quarks. Leptons and quarks are the most basic building blocks of matter. An electron is an example of a lepton. Each lepton and quark has an antiparticle partner, with the same mass but opposite charge. Quarks cannot be ......

• Word Count: 3720
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... , but no matter how hard you try, you could not outrun him/her? Well, this is the same dilemma that faces the electron and the PBG crystals. The electron is currently what a computer uses to transfer information. The PBG crystals are a new form of technology that can allow information to travel ... in sending the photon depends on a few different elements. The most important element is the elimination of many items used in transferring information via an electron. The electrons need a solution material in order to transfer from place to place. The most common solution is silicon. Silicon...

• Word Count: 941
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... fraction of a second; then it is immediately drawn back toward the nucleus, to its original orbital. As it returns to its original orbital, the electron releases the extra energy in the form of a photon, in this case a light photon. The wavelength of the emitted light depends on how much energy ... is released, which depends on the position of the electron. Different kinds of atoms will release different sorts of light photons meaning the color of the light is determined by what kind of atom is excited ... higher energy levels. When the electrons return to their original energy level, t...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... charged particles, there can be no electric force fields and thus no electromagnetic waves. What are electrons and protons? An electron is a particle with negative charge and not much mass. The positively charged proton exerts an invisible, attractive force on the electron -- an electric force. the electric force is like an invisible spring, but as the charges move farther apart, a weaker spring ... pulls them together.An electron's motion depends on both the force on the electron and its velocity, which are often in different directions. What is a Force field? In physics, a force field...

• Word Count: 389
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... about the last ten years of his life. #4) The Bohr Model is a model of the hydrogen atom. A hydrogen atom contains one proton and one electron, making it the simplest of all elements. The spectral lines in a single atom such as hydrogen seen at visible wavelengths are called Balmer Lines. The ... goal was to explain the structure of the hydrogen atom, which previously could not be explained. He explained it with three rules. 1) The force that holds the electron can only do so in specific orbits. These orbits are usually labeled N=1, N=2, N=3, etc. These are called Bohr Orbits. 2) A photon...

• Word Count: 3183
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... an atom gains or loses energy, the change is expressed by the movement of electrons. When something passes energy on to an atom, an electron may be temporarily boosted to a higher orbital (farther away from the nucleus). The electron only holds this position for a tiny fraction of a second; almost immediately, it is drawn back toward the nucleus, to its original orbital. As ... it returns to its original orbital, the electron releases the extra energy in the form of a photon, in some cases a light photon. The earliest stimulated-emission device developed in 1954, it was a microwave mase...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... how the hydrogen atom can move up and down the energy levels, one level at a time, and c! an never stop in between. Every hydrogen atom is made up of a single electron - proton system. Because the negative electron is attracted to the positive proton, potential energy is created inside the atom. He figured that the farther away the ... electron is from the proton, the greater the potential energy is inside. In conclusion, since hydrogen atoms emit light energy in specific frequencies, the hydrogen atom must be within a specific energy ... ...

• Word Count: 364
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School

... ), and the energy of such a particle is proportional to the frequency of the light. There is a certain amount of energy (depending on the material) which is necessary to remove an electron from the surface of a material (work function). If the energy of a photon is bigger than this value, the ... electron can be emitted. In other words, if the energy of the photons is too small, an electron will not have enough energy to escape from the surface, regardless of the number of photons that strike the surface. From this explanation, the following equation results ... ...

• Word Count: 1298
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... , roughly the size of a proton- would have a temperature of some one-hundred twenty billion degrees Kelvin, which corresponds to an energy of some ten million electron volts. At such a temperature, a black hole would be able to create electron-positron pairs and particles of zero mass, such as photons, neutrinos, and gravitons, the presumed carriers of gravitational energy. A primordial black hole would release ... species of 9 elementary particles there are. A black hole explosion would produce a massive outpouring of high-energy gamma rays. A high energy gamma ray plunging into the atm...

• Word Count: 3023
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... nature, once again. He put harmony between wave and particle theory. He came up with the theory of dual nature of light. He also established that even massive particles like electron showed dual nature. Both the nature combined could explain all the observations. Further research on light discovered the phenomenon like scattering , which accounted for the blue colour of sky and ... ...

• Word Count: 716
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School