Some of the stem cells sources are adult stem cells, cord blood stem cells, embryonic stem cells, freckles that yield stem cells, and stem cells from extracted teeth. Adult stem cells, also called somatic stem cells, possess the same basic characteristics of all stem cells[Mur14]. ... As with all stem cells, embryonic stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability just like the adult stem cells[Mur14]. However adult stem cell may have DNA error causing more issue than new DNA that does not have the time to change. ... In vitro fertilization is where you fertile an egg, but not place ...

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The types of gene therapy described so far , all have one thing in common which is, that the tissues being treated are somatic (somatic cells include all the cells of the body, except sperm cells and egg cells). ... To obtain correct gene action, it may be necessary to put it into the correct site on the host (or another organism, where a plant or animal that lives on or in another, lives) cell chromosome, or even to delete the defective gene , and the DNA can then be replicated (or to reproduce exactly an organism, genetic material, or a cell.)each time the host cell divided. .....

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A very significant contribution came in 1944 when American Oswald Avery located the nucleic acid DNA as the carrier of genetic information, instead of proteins in the cell. Further insight into this concept came in 1950 when Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used radioactively labeled E. coli to prove that DNA and not proteins had penetrated interior of cells and was the true carrier of heredity. ... A glass needle was then used to remove the egg's own nucleus, and was replace with the nucleus of the blastula cell. ... He fused a cell from an 8-cell lamb embryo with an enucleated unferti...

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DNA cloning is referred to as cloning of the genes, therapeutic is cloning of a human embryo to create a stem cell, and finally reproductive is the cloning of the entire organism producing an identical offspring. ... (Reproductive cloning can help same sex couples have a kid without using a sperm or egg donor. ... Bush was the first to authorize any support for stem cell research. ... Gene cloning is when DNA cloning involves a gene. ... Each cell contains only two copies of most genes, amounting to tiny fraction of the total amount of DNA in a diploid cell. ...

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