... the emperor. It was written that these Christians were forced, as gladiatorial novices to run the gauntlet. At other times they were thrown to the wild beasts. Criminals that were used had committed crimes that carried a death sentence or harsh manual labor. The crimes which led to the arena were murder, ... life was spared. Another way in which they opened the games was to tie the criminal to a pillar and lower him into a pit of hungry beasts. After these morbid killings took place, the animal events would take center stage. The most common of these fights would be a lion against bear. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... a pit for the fights. Set deep in the heart of Rome, the Coliseum was once the greatest amphitheater in the Empire. The citizens would flood there to see men fight beasts and other spectacles. Inside, there was seating for approximately fifty thousand people and a special area for emperors and city leaders. Around the pit and underground lay an intricate set of ... rooms where beasts such as lions would be kept and supplies stored; today it looks somewhat like an excavation of secret passages. Although it was one of the last of its kind made ... ...

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... had brought Spanish horses with him, while Hannibal had his elephants. What followed was a battle of amazing strategic wit by both men. Scipio had prepared his men for the enormous beasts Hannibal would surely use. He spread his troops, leaving wide alleys between their ranks allowing the elephants to pass through them, rendering them ineffective. To further diminish the impact of ... the battle elephants Scipio instructed his men to make as much noise as possible in order to confuse and disrupt the large animals. The plan worked to perfection. The enormous beasts were completely ineffe...

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• Grade Level: High School

... a pit for the fights. Set deep in the heart of Rome, the Coliseum was once the greatest amphitheater in the Empire. The citizens would flood there to see men fight beasts and other spectacles. Inside, there was seating for approximately fifty thousand people and a special area for emperors and city leaders. Around the pit and underground lay an intricate set of ... rooms where beasts such as lions would be kept and supplies stored; today it looks somewhat like an excavation of secret passages. Although it was one of the last of its kind made ... ...

• Word Count: 3188
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... stages, by players in all languages. The same he did not only in the forum and amphitheatre, but in the circus likewise, sometimes he exhibited only the hunting of wild beasts. He entertained the people with wrestlers, where wooden seats were erected for the purpose; and also with a naval fight, for which he excavated the ground near the Tiber, where there ... in the city lest, by robbers taking advantage of the small number of people left at home. In the circus he exhibited chariot and foot races, and combats with wild beasts, in which the performers were often youths of the highest ra...

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... could enter the building through no less than 80 entrances. Under the floor of the arena were chambers which were used as regiments for the gladiators, for dens of wild beasts, beast elevators. Above all these chambers allowed the arena to be flooded very quickly for mock naval battles. The wall that surrounded the arena was fifteen feet high. There were ... rollers hung on this wall to prevent the animals from climbing up the wall and getting into the crowd. Other shows in the amphitheatre included fights of wild beasts. Also by flooding the arena with water, it could be adapted for th...

• Word Count: 835
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... blocks on the ground outside the building, and finally to the winches. There were 160 winches in all encircling the stadium. Sailors would turn these winches to the beat of a drum so that the ring rose evenly on all sides. Another set of ropes ran between the bottom of each wooden support to the central ring resulting in a complex network of ... ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... play a note for a rhythm. This timing thing is huge to music. At this time conductors used a giant stick and slammed it on the ground to set the tempo. Then the drum set evolved from that and the conductor used that instead of a big stick. Then the stick got shorter and became what we know as the Bataan, and waved there bataan ... ...

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... , and soon it became a vast area from the north of England across the North Sea, along the Rhine and Danube Rivers to the Caspian Sea, south to Egypt, along the coast of Africa to Spain until it became an empire. The Empire steadily grew powerful and reached its greatest might in the second century during the reign of Trajan; this was ... assault southwards past the Pyrenees Mountains into Rome. In 429 A.D., the Vandals crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and reached the shores of Africa. They continued their assault eastward along the coast and re-crossed the Mediterranean to make a landing...

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... in result gains support for himself. An example of this is seen when Antony says, "What cause withholds you then to mourn for him? O judgment! Thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason, Bear with me; "(page 61, line 105). Antony uses alliteration to infer that Brutus is, in his actions, brutal and unfit as a leader, when ... ...

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... could kill the lion his life was spared. Another way in which they opened the games was to tie the criminal to a pillar and lower him into a pit of hungry beasts. After these morbid killings took place, the animal events would take center stage. The most common of these fights would be a lion against bear. To make the beast ready for ... ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... lawyers in Rome. Caesar's debts were growing and his career was baffled again. He decided to leave Rome again. He boarded a ship for the East. His ship was nearing the coast of Asia Minor when pirates attacked the ship and took Caesar prisoner. They demanded a ransom of about thirty thousand dollars but Caesar bitterly told the pirates he was worth seventy ... . Yet this river could change the course of history. In 49 BC Caesar and his men crossed the Rubicon. It is said that as Caesar crossed ghosts appeared on the coast of the river and flames shot up in the sky, it is even said that t...

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... and knees, the men found themselves plunging downwards quicker and quicker." (Munro, 85) They would finally reach the end of the pass, however, he would lose many men, horses and beasts due to the harsh weather. Although as Livy describes it, "no exact numbers are known." (Lazenby 15) Hannibal would then cross the Rhone River using elephants and rafts, which helped ... ...

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... me that after "cena-, Latin for dinner, we would go to tonight's event, the so-called "indestructible- gladiator would fight against the empire's strongest barbarians and a great quantity of wild beasts; truly a magnificent event to culminate a wonderful day. The smell of grapes and wine fill the air as we approach the second level, where mostly wine and oil is sold. There ... ...

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... in the second, and Corinthian columns in the third. The main arena is made of wood, and below this floor, there is a complicated set of rooms and passageways for wild beasts and other necessities that were used for staging the shows. There are eighty walls, which enclose the stage floor (Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia). To this huge structure, there were a total ... ...

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... in Europe. The climate of Italy is highly diversified, with extremes ranging from frigid, in the higher elevations of the Alps and Apennines, to semitropical along the coast of the Ligurian Sea and the western coast of the lower peninsula. The climate in Rome is generally pleasant; warm and sunny in spring and autumn, although sunstroke and heat exhaustion can be a serious ... ...

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... and led to the defections of five Greek towns to Rome. The Romans failed to press home their advantage the next year, and went on a pointless raid of the African coast east of Carthage. On the way back they were caught in another viscious, violent gale and lost 150 ships. The Death of Regulus Around 250 the Cathaginians sent their capitve ... they won't eat, let them drink." The gods were not amused. As if this defeat was not bad enough, the Carthaginian reinforcement fleet seized some Roman ships on the south coast of Italy, then forced the remaining Roman fleet into an exposed positio...

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... out and kill the animals in the arena with an assortment of weapons. Many times the bestiarii would awe the crowd with his smooth moves that taunted and tricked the beasts in which he hunted. In between shows, thieves would be thrown in the arena without any protection except for a sword. Skin to skin, these criminals would fight to the death ... ...

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... his young son Ascanius by the hand. He brought together a fleet of Trojans and sailed the eastern Mediterranean Sea to Thrace, Crete, Epirus, and Sicily before being shipwrecked on the coast of Africa. Here Dido, the queen of Carthage, fell in love with Aeneas. The two began to live together as husband and wife and Aeneas intended to make Carthage his ... ...

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... support the already large army. It was this army that was about to enter into Numidia to do battle. The native Numidians lived in small clans along the northern African coast. They were led by King Masinissa, who made many changes to the land during the early years of the second century. He was able to make new grounds for his ... ...

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... 's greatest pieces of work The Decline of the Carthaginian Empire' (which is one half of a pair) was worked in Claude's style. Another, John Constable, whether in Suffolk, on the Dorset coast, at Salisbury or on Hampstead Heath, actually studied Claude's work and he too learnt how to reconstruct nature. Constable admired Claude's painting, Landscape with Hagar and the Angel', 1646-47 ... ...

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... cowards were punished shamefully and often put to death. Rome's conquest of the Italian peninsula brought it into contact with a new rival, Carthage. Carthage was located on • - the northern coast of Africa. Between 2O4Rc and l4O~c~, Rome fought three wars with Carthage. These were known as the Punic Wars. 1ct Punic War - Romans defeat Carthage, forcing it to surrender Sicily ... ...

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... '. The Germanic peoples were placed into three groupings. The Scandinavian group gave rise to the later Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Kingdoms. The west Germanic group, centred on the North Sea coast, included Batavians, Frisians, Franks, Alamans, Jutes, Angles, and Saxons. They are the tribes who are for the greater part the ancestors of the later Dutch, Flemish, English, and French (in ... ...

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... Greece. These three lands were all located in the same area, providing a throughway to Rome for trade routes from China and the Middle East. Thrace, being on the south western coast of the Black Sea made it easy for the Romans to sail farther inland to what is today Russia. Greece was located on the Agean Sea and Macedonia was to ... ...

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... 't always the most steadfast fellow. He had many distractions. As an example of this, if he had followed his basic instincts, the Trojans would have settled on the North African coast, and he would have reigned with Dido, establishing the Rome there, instead of in Italy. It is only through divine intervention that he leaves the kingdom of Dido, sneaking out ... ...

• Word Count: 1336
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