... on those profiles and whether the person is qualified, and entities could often make judgments off of personal biases. Others argue that applicants must already comply with background checks, drug tests, credit checks, and verification of employment history, education, and income. Therefore, a simple profile check should be acceptable. This controversy brings up a broader question of what is & ... his fourth-amendment rights were violated. The plaintiff claimed that a 'friend' shared his on-line postings with his government agency employer. The plaintiff claimed that the online pos...

• Word Count: 1200
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Random drug testing in the workplace is a good practice. Although some people believe it is a violation of privacy, companies have a business to run and don't need the responsibility or the hassle of a ... of drug testing also focus on the limitations of the testing procedures, arguing that the tests are highly inaccurate. One worry is the sensitivity of the tests. Many types of tests procedures are inaccurate, innocent parties will be harmed because most tests produce a large number of false positive results, indicating that there has been drug use when ... randomly or at the time of annual ...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with the power to enforce desegregation. The following year Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, making it easier for southern blacks to register to vote. Poll taxes, literacy tests, and other such requirements used to restrict blacks from voting were made illegal. Affirmative action continued to be debated with California attempting again to put a statewide ban on it. "In ... is clear evidence of the influence of racial factors. Years ago the liberal thought to favor and end to all forms of racial discrimination was a staple, whereas conservatives excused it practice and oppo...

• Word Count: 1348
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that "[Act VII] requires the elimination of artificial, arbitrary, and unnecessary barriers to employment that operate invidiously to discriminate on the basis of race, and if, as here, an employment practice that operates to exclude Negroes cannot be shown to be related to job performance, it is prohibited, notwithstanding the employer's lack of discriminatory intent". With the ruling of this case ... measuring procedures, but it does proscribe giving them controlling force unless they are demonstrably a reasonable measure of job performance". This statement allows for the fact that th...

• Word Count: 2301
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to establish a law that would be able to spy on every single American whichever mean of communication he wanted. This meant telephone calls, email messages, SMS, social media profiles, conversations online, etc. This spying was under secret for four years, only known by Congress, the Executive Branch, and the New York Times. According to the NSA, the President was breaking the ... of grievances." It is clear, when the NYPD was set to servile Muslims, they were many college students complaining about feeling uncomfortable of not even having the opportunity to practice their religion in a...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... when deciding on an appropriate sentence following conviction and admitted in civil cases. The Fourth Amendment can also be read as allowing searches and seizures that are considered reasonable. In practice, this means that the police may override your privacy concerns and conduct a search of your home, car, business etc., if the police have probable cause to believe they can find ... has taken a serious thrashing from judges and politicians in recent years, as it continually remains a highly debated subject. The U.S. Supreme Court has approved roadblocks detaining law-abiding drivers, ...

• Word Count: 1443
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit struck down an affirmative action program adopted by the University of Texas Law School that set lower minimum standards for Law School Admissions Tests (LSAT) and grade-point averages for blacks and Mexican-American applicants than for other groups (Bresler). The court ordered, under penalty of punitive damages, to adopt a colorblind admissions policy immediately ... -Americans need at least a 3.7 grade point average in high school to be considered for admission, most minority candidates who meet a lower fluctuating standard are automatically admit...

• Word Count: 2731
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to free speech on the internet and point to some of the problems with these views. I will then state why laws which prohibit people from using their first amendment rights online should not be passed. Freedom of speech and expression can be defined simply as: The right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government, and ... 21st Century. Here are some interesting facts from www.ebusinesshelpsite.com: **"Dozens of e-mail messages telling Harvard University applicants whether they had been admitted never arrived last month after America Online interpret...

• Word Count: 592
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... been challenged, it can be assumed that there are many other books that have been banned which should be looked at again with unbiased eyes. Ben Roy, a writer for "Citizen Online-Newfound Area Bureau," uses statements from current members of the Wiccan religion to point out fallacies in the claims of some opponents of the "Harry Potter" series who claim that ... ." To clarify these statements, Mr. Roy defines the Wiccan religion as, "entirely different from Satanism or the diabolical witchcraft imagined by the persecutors of past centuries, according to Encarta Encyclopedia Online." He t...

• Word Count: 2595
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is the essence of the Bill of Rights which clearly makes it a guaranteed right. Internet users sometimes do not realize the amount of privacy that is lost when accessing the online world. While much of this information has been freely available in the past, the start of the internet has made it available more easily and quickly. But sadly, in many ... a way that it could cause damage to your career or very important stepping stones in your life. If the boss of a new job that you have privously applied for goes online to find out such personal information about you, they may decide that ...

• Word Count: 844
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... for the conviction of crimes was created care of the races alleged predisposition toward criminal behavior. But, the really ingenious devices were found in the chapters on "literacy and understanding tests- and the poll tax. However, the understanding provision furnished uneducated whites with a possible escape clause. It allowed an illiterate to enroll if he could "understand and section of the state ... passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which declared certain private acts of discrimination unlawful. In 1965, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act. The Act outlawed such devices as li...

• Word Count: 1388
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of 1960 provided for the appointment of referees to help blacks register to vote. • The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed literacy tests, which were being used in many Southern states and a 1970 law made literacy tests illegal in all the states. The above court decisions addressed civil rights efforts that were directed towards the protection of an individual rights. During ... ...

• Word Count: 1772
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... White wealth an acceptable norm. After the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, it became apparent that certain business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude tests, prevented total equality in employment. However, on September 24, 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order #11246 at Howard University that required federal contractors "to take Affirmative Action to ensure that ... , arguing that their "test scores showed they were not qualified for better positions (130)." The court rejected this explanation, "ruling that employers who hired and pro...

• Word Count: 2004
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Constitutional Classification Tests" In the United States the Supreme Court, with its power of judicial review, may determine whether an act by the President, Congress, a national, state, or local administrative official, a state legislature, a ... the national government, reserves others to the states, and protects individuals from governmental invasion of their freedoms of religion, speech, press, and other rights. Likewise, The Court uses three separate tests "the rational basis test, the strict scrutiny test, and the heightened scrutiny test "to determine whether a classification is con...

• Word Count: 439
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Free Exercise Clause are being compared. Also, during this time period not having the ability of free exercise of religion was not restricted because it was not illegal to simply practice you own religion. In America, all citizens were protected by "all forms of religious expression, creedal, sectarian or nonsectarian, wherever and however taking place, except conduct which ... (Rutledge). So, by not reimbursing the parochial school children's parents, no rights are violated because by not giving them money neither establishes religion nor does not allow people to practice their religio...

• Word Count: 3421
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of rights by increasing opportunities to close the gap between black and white income"(Valls 69). In his attempt to make a libertarian case for affirmative action, Valls believes that the practice is justified based upon past injustices towards a particular group of people. His justification is also flawed, not necessarily because of its logic but rather its feasibility. Placing a value on past ... an answer to this question when affirmative action is based solely on discrimination and unequal opportunity. When dealing with diversity, there can be difficulty identifying a clear finish l...

• Word Count: 1569
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of rights by increasing opportunities to close the gap between black and white income"(Valls 69). In his attempt to make a libertarian case for affirmative action, Valls believes that the practice is justified based upon past injustices towards a particular group of people. His justification is also flawed, not necessarily because of its logic but rather its feasibility. Placing a value on past ... an answer to this question when affirmative action is based solely on discrimination and unequal opportunity. When dealing with diversity, there can be difficulty identifying a clear finish l...

• Word Count: 1569
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Though many people see no problem with same sex marriage, there should not be a federal mandate allowing it because same sex marriage makes churches practice/perform undesired rituals that go against their beliefs, and it changes the meaning of the valued ritual of marriage. Freedom of religion was a founding ... Plus two males can't properly breastfeed a baby. Another problem with same sex marriage is that it goes against the current beliefs and the traditional practice of many. It isn't supported by any religion, and religion is usually valued highly to many. If gay marriage were allowe...

• Word Count: 1757
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... framework of American government leads to the expectation that congress; the president and the courts will have essentially equal influence in policy making in practice however the president has become considerably more powerful than legislative and judicial branches his role becoming almost monarchical in status. Congress is granted [1] ... case the House and the Senate would speak for the people and the president and his administration would execute the peoples will. In practice however Congress usually reacts to the president's proposals rather than constructing its own, and on the co...

• Word Count: 2722
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... procedures. The significance of the Fourth Amendment is difficult to overestimate. The warrant rule initiated a giant leap forward in the progress of democracy by abolishing the "general warrant" practice and restricting the invasion of privacy that citizens can be subjected to. The police can no longer engage into "fishing expeditions" against suspicious individuals and prosecute them based on the ... the police could be used in both Federal and State courts, regardless of any constitutional violations that might have taken place during the search and seizure of that evidence. Such prac...

• Word Count: 1759
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... this statement in response to a lawsuit filed against the Maryland State Troopers. The suit was filed on behalf of African-American motorists who alleged that these officers had engaged in a practice of targeting black motorists for traffic stops along Interstate 95. To support their claim, the plaintiffs presented statistics that strongly contradicted Mitchell's statement relating to the use of racial profiling ... this country's highways. This phenomenon has been dubbed as "DWB" (Driving While Black or Brown). This play on words of DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) refers to the commonl...

• Word Count: 2100
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The proliferation of the Internet has created a new arena for the government to regulate. Passed in 1998, The Child Online Protection Act (COPA) was intended to keep minors from accessing harmful material on the World Wide Web. COPA relies on community standards to identify material to be banned from the ... ...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The proliferation of the Internet has created a new arena for the government to regulate. Passed in 1998, The Child Online Protection Act (COPA) was intended to keep minors from accessing harmful material on the World Wide Web. COPA relies on community standards to identify material to be banned from the ... ...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... organizations, but they all read about the same telling the employee what they can and cannot do on the company's communication system. One copy of a policy I was able to get online said that employee were prohibited from doing the following on company communication systems: Solicitation of political, religious, or other personal causes or business ventures; transmission of false misleading derogatory, profane ... ...

• Word Count: 878
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "erotica- and semi-nudity, but cannot be public displayed, sold to anyone under the age of 18, or broadcast over the airwaves (2). Hacker declares that, nearly 40 million Americans are online--an estimated 4 million are under 18 years old. According to Hacker, the four most commonly used "Net" functions are e-mail; access to the World Wide Web; special interest bulletin boards ... ...

• Word Count: 816
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate