... the ocean. Physical oceanographers use this science to help them distinguish the different aspects of the ocean including the seafloor, atmosphere, weather, and change in climate. There are many different characteristics in the ocean that physical oceanographers investigate to gain further details. Some of those characteristics include; salinity, density, temperature of air, wind speed, tides, underwater construction, and thermal energy. Knowing what would happen ... and gas. Oil spills throughout the ocean are not good for the environment. A chemical oceanographer could help in situati...

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... only through various religious writings, particularly the Bible. Creationists believe in a divine creator, God. Creationism has a broad range of beliefs involving a reliance on God's miraculous work to explain the origin of the universe, of life, and of the different kinds of plants and animals on Earth. According to the creationist view, God willed everything into existence, and this is how humans came onto ... living organisms to help increase their adaptability, or potential for survival and reproduction, in the face of changing environments. Evolution apparently has no built-in dire...

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... fact has a historical development and can be traced back to the grandiloquent but deeply flawed theories of two prominent 18th century scientists - Carl Linnaeus and Johann Blumenbach. In 1735, Linnaeus published a biological schema used to classify plants and animals titled Systems of Nature, which later became the foundation for modern taxonomy (Marks, 1995). Linnaeus sought to classify the ... Marks, 1995, p.68). This failure to distinguish cultural and biological factors still dictates much of our social behavior today. Without any scientific pretense whatsoever, the concept of race ...

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... and animal there are millions of genes. Inside each gene are strings of DNA. Genes determine the growth, size, and other characteristics of an organism. These genes are also by what species transfer inheritable characteristics from one generation to the next. DNA holds all the information regarding function and structure in a plant or animal. Another form of DNA is known as recombinant DNA ... and for turning plants, animals, and microorganisms into chemical factories.(2 p.281) Genetic engineering is when scientists artificially tamper with these blueprints. Engineers have gained a lot ...

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... have survived in the wild managed to survive reproduce and subsequently create an entirely new breed of animal with characteristics that donot appear in the wild. Humans also selected and grew plants for medicine, clothing, and food and for religiousceremonial reasons. In selecting plants for food, they might have first consciously selected plant varieties that had desirable taste and unconsciously ... At different times in different centers of domestication, people began to encourage the growth of desirable plants by removing competing plants and/or cultivating the soil. The plants most...

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... is basically all the multi cellular organism which don't fit into the Animal, Plant, or Fungus Kingdom. At first, protozoa were placed in a subkingdom of Animalia. This classification had problems. Some forms showed mixed characteristics, and some groups had members that were plant like with close relatives that were animal like. Eventually a five-kingdom system came into use, in which ... DNA combined with protein in chromosomes that are enclosed within the nuclear envelope. Protists reproduce both sexually and asexually. The fungi constitute a large and diverse group of organisms that ...

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... sequence. Genetically modified crops are a hot topic in the scientific world today, both for their potential benefits and their potential drawbacks. Genetic modification changes the genes and thereby the characteristics of the subject. You can, for example, genetically modify strawberries so that they stay fresh for longer, and rice can be genetically modified so that it has a higher vitamin ... The result is that the plant receives the characteristics held within the genetic code. Consequently, the genetically modified plant also becomes able to withstand pesticides. The consequences of ...

• Word Count: 536
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... desired characteristics, such as resistance to frost or to pesticides. The goal is to give these new characteristics to a living thing that couldn't do those things before. The techniques of modern genetics have made possible the direct manipulation of the genetic makeup of organisms. In agriculture, genetic engineering allows simple genetic traits to be transferred to crop plants from wild ... relatives, other distantly related plants, or virtually any other organism. Genetically ... being more discussed as it could affect the future of the economical and nutritional world today by a ...

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... called "gene-manipulation- is scientifically called genetic engineering, which is the method of altering and manipulating organism's genetic or hereditary material to eliminate undesirable characteristics producing new desirable ones. It has been used in increasing the production plant and animal food, developing disease-resistant plants, diagnosing disease, improving medical treatments, and producing vaccines and other useful drugs. Although there is a major issue in ... has been popular since after the Second World War, and is still used today. This method is most commonly for increas...

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... called "gene-manipulation- is scientifically called genetic engineering, which is the method of altering and manipulating organism's genetic or hereditary material to eliminate undesirable characteristics producing new desirable ones. It has been used in increasing the production plant and animal food, developing disease-resistant plants, diagnosing disease, improving medical treatments, and producing vaccines and other useful drugs. Although there is a major issue in ... has been popular since after the Second World War, and is still used today. This method is most commonly for increas...

• Word Count: 918
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a simple single-celled prokaryote or a complex organism with millions of millions cells. Specific characteristics from their parents by inheriting particular combinations of genes are received by all plants and animals. In fact, scientists have discovered that genes are segments of DNA molecules in our cells. These segments of DNA are chemically coded instructions for developing proteins by linking together ... likely be the only ones able to reproduce. Consequently, their characteristics will be more frequent in the following generation. Therefore, evolution will have occurred. Due to se...

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... engineered crops. Genetic modification takes selective breeding a step further, Scientist are learning how to identify genes and recognize which genes control the development of which characteristics. They are now able to breed offspring by transporting the desirable genes from one plant to another. There are concerns that genetic modified crops ... vigorously then other crops and wild plants. It has been suggested that genetic modified plants could breed with other plants producing uncontrollable weed species with herbicide resistance. Concerns have been expressed that eating genetic m...

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... be cloned (that is, duplicated) in large quantities. The subsequently produced protein can then be removed from the host, purified, and used as a genetically engineered product in humans, other animals, plants, or bacteria or viruses. Bt Cotton China's research in agricultural biotechnology began in the early 1980s, when the focus was mainly on genetic engineering and molecular marking. Research centered on ... findings in agriculture have progressed rapidly. By the end of 1996, Chinese scientists had conducted research on 47 kinds of transgenic plants involving 103 genes. Among one of ...

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... so called pests. Pesticides may be naturally occurring substances or synthetic (man-made). Natural pesticides originate from venom of animals [for example snakes], and plants [for example nicotine]. Another natural pesticide is salt. Chemicals taken from plants and animals create a much lower risk for humans and ecosystems because they are natural and are not harmful to the environment. Synthetic pesticides, ... tactics in an incorporated pest management system to fight off against destructive pests. Pesticides can be toxic to man, animals and plants of improperly used. A number of earl...

• Word Count: 940
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... so called pests. Pesticides may be naturally occurring substances or synthetic (man-made). Natural pesticides originate from venom of animals [for example snakes], and plants [for example nicotine]. Another natural pesticide is salt. Chemicals taken from plants and animals create a much lower risk for humans and ecosystems because they are natural and are not harmful to the environment. Synthetic pesticides, ... tactics in an incorporated pest management system to fight off against destructive pests. Pesticides can be toxic to man, animals and plants of improperly used. A number of earl...

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... to Dow, the project's benefits to Indonesia include: • Foreign exchange savings and earnings: Dow estimated that ten years after the start-up of the first plants the project would have saved Indonesia a cumulative net exchange sum of US $ 1.450 million. • Value added to hydrocarbons in Indonesia: Dow pointed that at full capacity the chemical complex would add an ... offered only marginal returns to the company due to some peculiar characteristics: (1) it was heavily capital intensive, (2) the manufacturing cost had a high fixed-cost element, and (3) satisfactory returns would be obt...

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... an inserted flounder genes to tolerate cold better, cotton containing genes from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for insect resistance. The idea that there were factors controlling an organism's characteristics, and that these factors were inherited in a predictable way, was first discovered by Gregor Mendel, in 1900, his factors were given the name "genes" which carried on chromosomes ... Mexico, the crops were damaged and contained transgenes. As alien genes disrupt both individual cells and the entire system, anything can happen, it can cause plants and other organisms t...

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... beings and other living things alike. In February 1997 scientists in Scotland announced the birth of the first cloned sheep named Dolly, this heralded the future of cloning possibilities and scientists began extensive experiments on cloning and have since then cloned both plants and animals successfully. The next step was to clone actual human beings but before experiments could have been carried out ... pressure started build on the scientists because people started to doubt if cloning was ethical and morally correct. Governments began to introduce bans and constraints on cloning, as t...

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... useful applications include genes that increase disease resistance of plants as well as increased nutritional potential. This is especially useful in countries and regions of the world where many of the populace is in dire need of nourishment. Crops can be modified to provide more of a mineral or a vitamin. A prominent example of this is Golden Rice. Called as such due ... has not been enough research into the unintended effects. If a crop does not respond positively to an inserted gene it may display unwanted characteristics included with the original trait. Some of these unwanted chara...

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... . This is also the case where "designer babies" are concerned. With developing genetic techniques, it may become possible to select certain characteristics for children, obviously with a price tag. This could result in a genetic underclass of people with more faulty genes than richer people. This means that genetic engineering allows humans to initiate certain traits and qualities that nature was previously held ... as rice could be genetically engineered to contain vitamin A. The need for pesticides could be reduced all over the world with the possibility of injecting plants with bio eng...

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... only through various religious writings, particularly the Bible. Creationists believe in a divine creator, God. Creationism has a broad range of beliefs involving a reliance on God's miraculous work to explain the origin of the universe, of life, and of the different kinds of plants and animals on Earth. According to the creationist view, God willed everything into existence, and this is how humans came onto ... living organisms to help increase their adaptability, or potential for survival and reproduction, in the face of changing environments. Evolution apparently has no built-in dire...

• Word Count: 1000
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... only through various religious writings, particularly the Bible. Creationists believe in a divine creator, God. Creationism has a broad range of beliefs involving a reliance on God's miraculous work to explain the origin of the universe, of life, and of the different kinds of plants and animals on Earth. According to the creationist view, God willed everything into existence, and this is how humans came onto ... living organisms to help increase their adaptability, or potential for survival and reproduction, in the face of changing environments. Evolution apparently has no built-in dire...

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... , large trading markets, huge advances in the sciences and arts and their forms of monumental architecture. But still differed in many ways in the same characteristics. For instance, the Indus and the Chinese were very similar in their specializations in labor. As a result of cultivating plants and the domestication of animals, both civilizations allowed their people to spend time doing other things that weren't ... At the time, silk weaving was a new Chinese discovery and because China and the Indus were separated by the Himalayas and the vast deserts, these two civilizations didn't hav...

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... to survive and reproduce as well, if reproduction with this trait continues more offspring with the same traits will arise, this trait will become more common. These are the two characteristics needed in order for a trait to go through positive natural selection. When an organisms Environment changes, those organism will either have to change with it in order to survive ... other protists do not all have Flagella or a flagellum. Finally another great example is a vascular plant which adapted from early non-vascular plants. Vascular plants had to adapt and develop an internal transportatio...

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... characteristic directly into a plant. Traditional breeding methods involve crossbreeding plants in order to produce desired changes in that particular crop. These changes might be increased hardiness, more productivity or enhanced color. "The traditional method is quite imprecise because the farmer is shuffling thousands of genes in the offspring, causing them to have some of the characteristics of each parent plant. They then look for the ... plants with the most desirable new trait," states Dr. Jane Henney, US Food and Drug Administration Commissioner (FDA Consumer, January-February 2...

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