... an apple and he coined a term apple for it even when the thing was really in fact an orange. After he grows accustomed to this thing he then comes to realize, through reasoning, that it is really an orange and that a term representative of orange must be devised so to more accurately refer to this thing in the future and to others for ... , rather it remains in his lexicon to describe things which trigger the feeling that he felt when he first encountered the orange before realizing that it was really an apple. The figurative term apple is thus replaced by the proper term orange. This co...

• Word Count: 1245
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and deontological theories, but are distinct from either. Like consequentialist theories, a virtue ethic may be said to define right in terms of good, i.e., the good of human flourishing. But unlike classic consequentialisms, human flourishing is not defined in terms of acquisition of experiences whose value is independent of the acts or dispositions by which they were obtained. Thus a good life is ... to cultivate what are natural and spontaneous abilities in children, adults lose some of their capacity to grow. Dewey identifies these capacities as the child's natural dependence and pl...

• Word Count: 6519
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Inuit (Hublin, 1996). Current evidence suggests that Neandertals existed alone on the European continent for nearly 80,000 years. Over this period morphological features developed into what we now call classic Neandertal' form. Between 43,000 and 35,000 years BP, however, anatomically modern Homo sapiens sapiens began migrating from the east and southeast into Western Europe. Paul Mellars suggests that ... preferences. Overlap of such niches would likely occur but to a limited degree. Both of the above-proposed models are difficult to support with the given bodies of evidence. However, ...

• Word Count: 1502
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a non-moral difference. Yet the question arises as to the coherence of giving varying species members equal consideration morally. Philosopher Evelyn Pluhar notes the sharp distinction most humans wish to draw between racist and sexist bigotry and that of speciesism when she writes "Racism and sexism ... of a human with a non-human animal. Appearances aside, perhaps the only remaining difference is one of interests, and varying kinds. For as Pluhar notes, whether one being prefers to read the newspaper, or have his back scratched seems irrelevant to a certain being's moral consideration,...

• Word Count: 2741
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... species appeared. Artificial selection of fruitflies does produce forms that do not breed with their ancestors, but it is not clear that they should count as a new species.[viii] Johnson notes that the creatures found in the early Cambrian period (about 570 million years ago) were very different from those found in Precambrian strata. As many as 100 new phyla (groups ... multiply." The authors of Genesis did not of course have any idea of evolutionary history, but they did assign to the creatures an active role in the creative process. Gregerson notes that a God who reconfigures possibi...

• Word Count: 7861
• Approx Pages: 31
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the daily lives of the cultural group, read about the culture, learn the language and talk to individuals who act as mediators or guides ( Lynch cited in HSA 2101 Lecture Notes.2003 ). This is very theoretical and not totally practical. To achieve this task would require immense time and dedication, even if desired, it would virtually be impossible to gain knowledge ... -cultural work is to be " aware that the individual and collective history has a considerable bearing on any problem" and that " history is a crucial factor in social life" ( HSA 2101 Lecture Notes.2003 ). Referring to th...

• Word Count: 2022
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that is why it is important to realize that the dimensions which shape and define that world are rooted in the social reality of the environment that surrounds them. W.I. Thomas notes in his theory of "Definition of the Situation" that, "the child is always born into a group of people among whom all the general types of situation which may arise have ... of focus. The immediate environment of the family is one that has crucial influence of the development of a child, because it can either facilitate or impede the process. As Lerner notes "the family is the major Microsystem for infant d...

• Word Count: 2352
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... medical advances in technology that has reshaped traditional medical ethics. Medical ethics have changed drastically over a period of years. From old commandments to new commandments, guidelines that provide structural framework, classic experiments that challenge that framework, or even how things are defined in medical ethics. "Medical progress goes on, and the perils of progress must be heeded" (Leone 165). Changing times ... out on the sick in the belief that the experiment will help them, or on the healthy in the belief that the experiment will keep them well" (Weiss 35). The class...

• Word Count: 2725
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... abilities/instincts; that is why Nietzsche believes the modern world is causing the human race to regress instead of making progress. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, who satirizes modern society in his novel Notes from the Underground, also believes that human beings are deprived of their natural instincts in society. Dostoyevsky brings to light the notion that man has two parts to his life ... but reason and satisfies only the rational side of man's nature, while will is a manifestation of the whole life, that is, the whole life including reason and all the impulses" (Notes, 19). He believes that ...

• Word Count: 2100
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... thought, maintains that Montesquieu's concept of liberty is compatible with that found in antiquity and the Middle Ages. Allen considers the Enlightenment's impact on America during the Revolutionary period. He notes that the oft-stated idea that Americans' attitudes relied mainly on certain "Whiggish- notions of the "rights of Englishmen- is only partially correct, for one must acknowledge Montesquieu's influence. Montesquieu ... men with the chance to act morally. Opposition to such views was obvious in Rousseau's idea of the "general will."" In accepting an active and intrusive state...

• Word Count: 2975
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Frankenstein has the most precious and most lacking spirit that the later science fiction works barely have, the reflections on scientism. The merit which made it a classic book is its astonishing ability to predict. The vision it has is way beyond its era; it is adept to penetrate the insights on scientism, which are inspiring and exhortatory ... ...

• Word Count: 1916
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a consciousness of morality and religion. During the scientific revolution, where the separation from religion and the study of humanity began and new developments in physics and astronomy emerged, the author notes how Darwin's revolution opened scientific exploration further into the areas of geology and biology. Before Darwin's theory, geological and biological scientific exploration was challenged and subject to biblical arguments. Darwin ... ...

• Word Count: 1481
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a certain way, thought, or equation does not work. And what ever came of trial and error? Creativity. Humans have gained such a concept for the mere fact that sitting and taking notes in a square classroom does not allow them to think for themselves; it only dulls and weakens such a beautiful thing, the mind. It is as though we become zombies filled with ... ...

• Word Count: 1060
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... as a team. While reading Abbey's essay, I found myself spiritually relating to similar intense emotions and instances of joy that he experienced in his epic, death-defying journey. For instance, Abbey notes that "Across that narrow opening, a small white cloud was passing, so lovely and precious and delicate and forever inaccessible that it broke the heart and made me weep like ... ...

• Word Count: 1281
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , they were not his own. As early as the 12th century, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, 1091-1153 A.D., was quoted saying, "hell is paved with good intentions or desires-, and in Notes Theological, political, and Miscellaneous written by Samuel Taylor-Coleridge, he attributes the saying to Richard Baxter, 1615-1691 A.D. Although this saying has been coined as an English proverb, history traces ... ...

• Word Count: 932
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... increase his world view. The study of Judaism reveals a "millennial effort to foster a religious culture of self-restraint that intuitively respects the value and integrity of its natural environment. " Schorsch notes that the Talmud and the Hebrew Bible both frequently "regulate a Jew's relationship to the natural world" and especially speak to the curbing of "man's unlimited use of his environment." In ... ...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... such objects shape and generate the religious feelings of its members, and that religiousness is therefore a function of social belonging was first suggested by French sociologist AmileDurkheim. According to his classic theory, set forth in Les Formes AclAcmentaires de la vie religieuse: Le systA"me totemique en Australie (1912; translated as The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, 1965), the distinguishing ... ...

• Word Count: 1578
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... flute he provides the needed control and eventual victory over that which seeks to destroy him. The Einstein Intersection and "Orpheus and Eurydice- have many motifs which reverberate in the notes of history, the chants of spiritual seekers and the intense pitches of artistic endeavor. They still sound through the peoples of the myth's native regions. They resound as well in ... ...

• Word Count: 985
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... dog is not inherent in the sounds themselves; it is assigned, to the sounds by human beings. Holy water, "biting one's thumb" at someone, or fetishes are other examples. The classic definition of culture was provided by the 19th-century English anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor in the first paragraph of his Primitive Culture (1871): Culture . . . is that complex whole which includes ... ...

• Word Count: 4734
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... conscious of what is going on. Yet there are those who love their heritage, but until they realize they are oppressing themselves, feel ashamed for loving themselves. For example, in "Notes Fragmented Daughter" by Elena Tajima, Elena spent her life being mistaken as Chinese or Korean or some type of Asian, and never wanted to say who she really was, until ... ...

• Word Count: 1183
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and officials from the National Institute on Drug abuse received more than 10,000 letters denunciating the testing (Cowley 50). Action has not stopped at the level of correspondence, Caras notes, and with mixed results. "When leaflets and picket signs were replaced by night raiders and bombers, science sat up and paid attention- (Caras 57). Though he personally disparages acts of ... ...

• Word Count: 1153
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... sense, the last things being death itself, but death only the last thing, which makes despair precisely the final thing for man. Hence, despair becomes the sickness unto death. Kierkegaard notes this in bodily sickness, but far from being true, death only succumbs to the end of the body, meaning to say to die from a bodily death. On the contrary, despair ... ...

• Word Count: 3547
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , especially within the same religion, are no reason to alienate or isolate people here on Earth, because when Death comes, all humans are alike to its "Democratic fingers". The poet notes Man's tendency towards prejudice and even persecution of those different from themselves. This sentiment can be broadened to apply globally, and that is how Dickinson intends it- to sharply point ... ...

• Word Count: 980
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of skulls, there was a head in his refrigerator and the body parts of eleven victims found under the cold storage. Due to men like Jeffrey Dahmer, this has become the classic stereotype of a genuine cannibal, which is quite false. In January of 1989, he pleaded guilty to the charges against him, claiming, "He ate the hearts of victims in order for ... ...

• Word Count: 2417
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, addresses an issue which has not only existed in the past, but permeated through time. In this American classic, Hawthorne depicts a narrow-minded society which blindly follows particular standards and rules without individual inputs. He clearly singles out the open-minded, and possibly the more intelligent, by contrasting radical ... ...

• Word Count: 748
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate