... a new legitimate ideology, by analyzing the feasibility of ideological alternatives. Possibility of a Pressed Reform To examine the possibility of a reform that is pressed by the people upon the current communist government of China, we must first analyze the extent of political awareness of Chinese people. First we should not overlook the fact that the majority of Chinese population, especially the ... and policies, and drew a clear wedge between national leaders and corrupted local officials. Similarly, in the April 2 Incident in 1994, the protesting peasants were not really ideologica...

• Word Count: 1912
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a better understanding of a historical event. In the context of this essay the answer to the question; to what extent was Mao Zedong's leadership responsible for the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War is developed through the lengthened historical investigation displayed in this essay. Introduction In the assessment of historical significance the Chinese Civil War is ... a complete ideologically divided country will unify beneath one guiding force- Mao Zedong. Also identifying to what extent was Mao's leadership directly correlated to the victory of the Chinese Communist party. ...

• Word Count: 3831
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... strikes and invasion forces against Quemoy & Matsu, then the US would respond with increased material support for the Nationalists which would then escalate to include reciprocal air strikes against Chinese communist forces (against their artillery emplacements and against the invasion force if there is one) by the Nationalists and by the US forces in the area. The administration believed that this ... concluded that "if we must intervene then we must stop at nothing less than total victory," because the confidence and the stability of the free world must be maintained against communist ...

• Word Count: 6151
• Approx Pages: 25
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at first boosted the Chinese economy and then sent it into massive disarray causing rampant inflation. The unstable economic environment was coupled with uncurbed corruption and nepotism with the Communist Party. Cadres took advantage of the open-door economic policies to financially better themselves and their families. However, the average Chinese citizen's finical situation lagged behind. As ... the spring of 1989 a "Democracy Movement,"" the students did not demand a democracy in China. Rather, they wanted specific democratic principles be incorporated into the Communist system. Di...

• Word Count: 4138
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the cities, where Chiang had the greatest power. The communists therefore realized that their opportunity lay in the suffering countryside and the peasantry. By 1930, Mao together with other communist rebels established a rural base area in southeastern province Jiangxi. For success among the peasants they began to work out more equitable land policies, military tactics involving the local ... and with a growing population. Also inflation and Great Depression (1929) made their lives unbearable, due to the constantly increasing taxes, interest rates and high land rentals. Although Mao, th...

• Word Count: 3218
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Using this principle as a guide, China had for centuries attempted Harris 4 to choose at least its bureaucratic leaders by administering a test to determine their moral force. After the Communist takeover of the country, Mao continued this emphasis on moral force by demanding that Chinese citizens demonstrate what he referred to as "correct consciousness." This correct consciousness could be exhibited ... and nonprice rationing". Xu Zhiming also saw the necessity for a revamping of the Chinese system: "We must throw off the traditional system completely" in order for economic reform to ...

• Word Count: 6375
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... come Chiang Kai-Shek can be considered solely responsible for the failure of the KMT to maintain control of China? He manage to practically exterminate the communist during the long march, However later when he should have been rallying the support of the Chinese Peasant and working to improve China's economic conditions ... was passed to Chiang kai-Shek the current military leader of the KMT. In 1926 Chiang Kai-Shek embarked on the Northern Expedition with the communist going ahead and spreading the ideology of Sun Yat sen Paticularily the third one which included Land Reform. The Kmt t...

• Word Count: 1286
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... an inevitable social progression, a struggle against revisionism, and a triumph of Revolutionary progress over Political Reactionaries . His writings on the Cultural Revolution are published amidst Western challenges to the Communist nations, such as Vietnam and North Korea, and the breaking down of ties between them, starting with the Hungarian revolt. This need for action in the face of threats ... based on the ambiguity of the motivation and successes of the Cultural Revolution. The eventual denunciation of the Cultural Revolution can be partly attributed to the position of the Chines...

• Word Count: 4647
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... liberal-capitalist USA. This was primarily the cause of China wanting hegemony, meaning the domination by one country over a group of others, against USA and the clashing of capitalist vs. communist ideologies through their foreign policies, which created a period of tensions and hostility. Of all the western imperial powers, the USA acted most favourably towards China in the first half of ... . To gain great power status, China sees it as essential to reunify its national territory, modernise and develop its economy and build a powerful military . The foreign policy objectives of a commu...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... many new changes according to their respective times and thought what was best for Chinese people. Although each leader traveled a different path, Xiaoping and Zedong worked toward making China a true Communist nation with equality and prosperity as well as bringing favorable changes in Chinese politics, economy and social status. Xiaoping and Zedong took desperate measures to strengthen China's economy. Xiaoping carried ... on with the "quota system" which was started by Zedong after he came into power in 1949. After the Communist party took power in China, Zedong implemented the quota ...

• Word Count: 1119
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the disasters created by Great Leap Forward. This event proceeded the Hundred Flowers movement initiated by Mao. Peng Dehuai In 1954, Peng Dehuai gained legitimacy on the Northern Expedition as a Communist general. As a commander of the Chinese forces, Peng rallied his forces during the Korean War in 1950. Under his commandership, in December the Chinese pushed the allies back. ... were weary and demoralized. Rampant infiltration and corruption ravaged Chiang's regime while he simultaneously committed such irreparable political mistakes as outlawing innocuous liberal movements, thereby d...

• Word Count: 4353
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... out and further developed in many countries. For example, China's leader Mao begins to adapt and carries out a series of social, economical and political movements that began to shape China's communist party as well as the emergence of Maoism and Leninism in China. Marxism influenced China's Great Leap Forward to a great extent in terms of economical concerns. Firstly, all private ownerships ... the impossible production deadlines the communists expect from him. Secondly, Marxist ways were brought into the economic ideals during China's Great Leap Forward. This statement is shown throug...

• Word Count: 2041
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , except for Taiwan, which became the last Nationalist stronghold. For two decades the Nationalists were the only government recognized by the United States and the United Nations. But Communist China was admitted to the United Nations in 1971, and in 1972 US President Richard Nixon visited China, beginning the normalization of Chinese-American relations. Since 1949 the Chinese ... past. On June 3 and 4, 1989, the Chinese People's Liberation Army brutally suppressed a prodemocracy demonstration in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, killing several hundred people. Students and workers demonstrat...

• Word Count: 1178
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... failures and hardships all to maintain his totalitarian control over China's people for just over 50 years. During his reign of power in the Chinese Communist party, Mao launched what he called 'The Great Leap Forward,' which was a movement which should have seen a significant growth in agricultural and ... required to grow crops (Biograhy.com, 2014). Eventually, the entire countryside was organized into these communes and their aim was to develop a true communist system, but Mao's principal goal was to match the Soviet Union and capitalist West in industrial output (Teacher source #...

• Word Count: 2036
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 'Every Person in the Crowd was a Victim of the Massacre,'" thousands of Chinese pro-democracy protestors gathered together on June 4, 1989 in Tiananmen Square to challenge the Chinese Communist party and corrupt government. The Chinese people put together a peaceful protest demanding the "freedom of speech, of the press and of assembly, and freedom to elect their leaders." ... Xin went on a hunger strike to protest against martial law and call for a peaceful transition to democracy" (Jian 5). However, even though the protest was nonviolent and orderly, the Chinese Communist Par...

• Word Count: 1175
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... two of the twentieth century's most famous single-party leaders; Adolf Hitler and Mao Zedong. These two men, leaders of fascist Nazi Germany and Communist China respectively, both sought to make sure that within the borders of their nations, every citizen followed their rule. They consolidated their power by ... to the Nazi regime because arrests were the most common form of oppression of the opposition. The SPD (Social Democratic Party) and the KPD (Communist Party) were two opposition groups in Germany that had the majority of the support of the working class, who made up 45% of the p...

• Word Count: 1191
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... state-owned banks by state-owned enterprises), rising unemployment, and the difficulties in maintaining legitimacy based on traditional views of citizenship rights under "socialism- are likely to push the Chinese Communist Party into the arms of corporate patrons (both domestic and foreign). The Chinese leadership has a keen understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of a market-socialist economy, gained over ... centrifugal forces at work, it is considered necessary to keep a greater degree of control over a private market than might be thought appropriate in a more "free market- env...

• Word Count: 1161
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and administered has gone through an intensive transformation. The days when Marxism and Socialism supposedly provided guidelines for Chinese economic policies have passed. Now the government exists as a quasi-communist authoritarian regime supported by a market economy. Economic progress is commonly associated with democratization, and in many cases this theory holds true. Taiwan is the exemplary East Asian model ... participant in international markets for goods and capital prior to the late 1970's, China also was barely a participant in world capital markets."3 Many critics argue tha...

• Word Count: 1368
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and administered has gone through an intensive transformation. The days when Marxism and Socialism supposedly provided guidelines for Chinese economic policies have passed. Now the government exists as a quasi-communist authoritarian regime supported by a market economy. Economic progress is commonly associated with democratization, and in many cases this theory holds true. Taiwan is the exemplary East Asian model ... participant in international markets for goods and capital prior to the late 1970's, China also was barely a participant in world capital markets."3 Many critics argue tha...

• Word Count: 1368
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1978 the Chinese leadership has been trying to move the economy from a sluggish Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented economy but still within a rigid political framework of Communist Party control. To this end the authorities switched to a system of household responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers ... the right to lead or control all government and social institutions, and proclaims allegiance (at least officially) to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism. The PRC can be compa...

• Word Count: 1081
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1978 the Chinese leadership has been trying to move the economy from a sluggish Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented economy but still within a rigid political framework of Communist Party control. To this end the authorities switched to a system of household responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers ... the right to lead or control all government and social institutions, and proclaims allegiance (at least officially) to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism. The PRC can be compa...

• Word Count: 1081
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Middle East and Africa. To Western powers, the threat from communism seems to have diminished, but the determination to resist the advance of communism is undermined. At a later stage the communist strategists are left with the option of terminating the split and adopting the strategy of one clenched fist (p. 182). Both the Chinese and Soviets hoped the United States and our ... their suspicions on the validity of the tense relations between Moscow and Beijing. Labor columnist Victor Riesel, stated that the Russian-Chinese rift was a planned operation to "throw non-communist forces off ...

• Word Count: 1275
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Liu Shaoqi Liu Shaoqi was one of the main leaders of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. He was a great organizer and had much experience in communist politics. While he worked agreeably for 20 years with Chairman Mao Zedong in common cause for the great Chinese proletarian revolution in the 1960s, Liu certainly had potential to become ... had to be removed. During the Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution, criticism and self-criticism emerged as a form of mass mobilization as well as an inner-Party decision making institution among Communist parties. In the mid-60s, Mao and the Red Guards cont...

• Word Count: 833
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... continuos military disasters, lack of weapons and the large amount of Red Army Soldiers" that died. The reasons for this was political victory is because Mao Zedong became the Chinese Communist Party Leader, all peasants after the long march favoured Communism and the news of Communism was spread throughout China. The Long March started after Chiang Kaishek launched his fifth and ... soldiers of the red army went out on retreat, which was planned by the trio of Bo Gu, Zhou Enlai and Otto Braun. The idea was to withdraw to the communist base on the Hunan-Hubei border where the second arm...

• Word Count: 1365
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... any businessperson is therefore willing to prepare and persevere on profit in the China Triangle (This includes Hong Kong, Taiwan and China). The term "Greater China" was termed by former Communist Party Secretary, Zhao Ziyang, as reunified China that included Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Mainland China. It merged into one independent called the "MegaChina". In 1997, Hong Kong and Mainland ... along with the introduction of new technologies (hardware and software) could increase productivity into the enterprise environment. At the third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the ...

• Word Count: 2143
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate