... set of related questions given before instruction that is directly relevant to the knowledge, attitude, or skill domain to be acquired" (Hartley & Davies, 1976). The primary function of pre-tests has been diagnostic, i.e.. to measure what the students already know prior to teaching new instructional content. This function has been a deciding factor in time and cost management of instructional delivery ... . In addition, the pioneering works of Pressey in 1926 have shown other functions of pre-tests. A pre-test can have a teaching function, in that pre-tests focus the attention of student...

• Word Count: 4402
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... student intelligence in terms of reading. If the student wants to take a step towards literacy in reading he can attest himself through several tests that will be able to measure his reading skills. The reading test that he should take should be valid, reliable and simple, if ... , before he can fully grasp the significance of an article or book on a specific topic. Children in the tropics will not fully understand the fun and attraction of winter activities in the snow. Students in Alaska, or Northern Canada, will have trouble relating in a meaningful way to the warm ... text reading. T...

• Word Count: 7878
• Approx Pages: 32
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their disposal to be winners. As Alfie Kohn communicated in 'The case against competition', they continue to insist that there is 'healthy competition' and that it could be fun, (Kohn, 1987). That they can win, but only through the failure of others. Several instances of pressure to win at all cost, both direct and indirect, overshadow students in the ... not participate in the competition but where equally taught the same thing with the other group of students. Final results showed that students in competitive condition performed better in easy tests than difficult ones, scor...

• Word Count: 1355
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate