... the construction of the transcontinental railroad, economic hindrances in railroad expansion, the expansion of the New York Central railroad, and the graft and bribery of Commodore Cornelius Van-derbilt. Public demand for the transcontinental railroad for westward expansion was originally inspired by an 1836 proposal by the American statesmen ... to stagnation. Despite the success and completion of the transcontinental, further railroad suc-cess was not always easy. Other railroads had begun construction westward, but the panic of 1873 and the ensuing depression halted or delayed progress...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was 44. In 1992, the SPPA reported a median age of 42 for both plays and musicals, and in 1982 the median age for both was 39. This constitutes a steady median age incline between 1982 and 2008 of 8 years for non-musical plays, and 6 years for musicals. The 2008 ... those who are attending is getting significantly older. According to the same NEA report, between 1982 and 2008 the median audience age rose from 39 to 47 for non-musical theater Some arts leaders have convinced themselves that fine arts audiences have always been gray, but that isn't true ... are 60% female.14 The Broadway ...

• Word Count: 10314
• Approx Pages: 41
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ". This was a highly mechanized, industrial age in which people's roles were being determined by their merit, talents, character and grit'. By 1910, Harvard Professor Frederick Jackson Turner was influential in transforming this ministerial training school into an Ivy League institution, dominated by the children of a distinct upper class most Northeastern and mostly business. This ... ) Who Rules America. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall ) Dumhoff, W. (1968 ) The Power Elite and Its Critics. Beacon Press Boston. Engler, A. (1995 ) Apostles of Greed. Pluto Press London, p. 3...

• Word Count: 5140
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ". This was a highly mechanized, industrial age in which people's roles were being determined by their merit, talents, character and grit'. By 1910, Harvard Professor Frederick Jackson Turner was influential in transforming this ministerial training school into an Ivy League institution, dominated by the children of a distinct upper class most Northeastern and mostly business. This ... ) Who Rules America. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall ) Dumhoff, W. (1968 ) The Power Elite and Its Critics. Beacon Press Boston. Engler, A. (1995 ) Apostles of Greed. Pluto Press London, p. 3...

• Word Count: 5146
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Slavery was the main issue that divided the Northern and Southern states; but another, more complicated issue was at hand. As settlers began to fulfill the "Manifest Destiny," and expand westward, new territories were being given statehood. The formation of these new states gave rise to a new question: should these new states welcome slavery within their boundaries? Three distinct positions were ... and final standpoint taken on the territorial slavery issue was that of the majority of northerners. Most northerners were not complete abolitionists by definition, but were at least oppose...

• Word Count: 1150
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... are over 1,600,000 people who enter the American penitentiary system, and a large majority of those are in the lowest economic class. (Zinn, A People's History, 515) The death of George Jackson, a politically outspoken inmate from California, in August of 1971 at the hands of prison officials sent shockwaves throughout the prisons of the United States. (Zinn, A People's History, 519) He had ... starkly clear, as the beginning of American history was shaped by the clash of the upper and lower classes. It could be said that American History is shaped by an expansion of liberty throughout ...

• Word Count: 902
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the Right Thing and School Daze which made Lee famous, making him one of the most, if not the most, important Black filmmakers of today. Spike Lee was born Shelton Jackson Lee on March 20, 1957, in Atlanta, Georgia. At a very young age, he moved from Georgia to Brooklyn, New York. Lee came from artistic, education-based upbringing. His father Bill ... played the part of Mookie in the film. Other members of the cast include Danny Aiello, Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, Richard Edson, Giancarlo Esposito, Bill Nunn, John Turturro, and Samuel L. Jackson. The story takes place on the hottest day of t...

• Word Count: 2365
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of waiting for the man to join her in New York, she decided to take a job in a factory, and became very close to yet another man. This man, her boss Jackson, found an apartment for her and her daughter and paid the expenses, including medical for the illegitimate child. This relationship lasted for a period of time, until ... Jackson tired of the constant expense of child that was not his own, and the two began to fight on a regular basis, at which time Rosa decided to find a different job ... ...

• Word Count: 1045
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and the other Founding Fathers envisioned for America. Just like the pilgrims descended from their ships and docked their ships in the vast greenery of America, thereafter expanding their base westward, Gatsby's green light was extensive too in its nature. Stripped of the core monetary and material content of his optimism, Gatsby's dream is the true American dream. This is the ... ...

• Word Count: 7760
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with their own religious backgrounds. New England could be divided up into Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and some others along with those. Connecticut, Puritans through and through decided to move westward more to form a government for closely tied to their religion then separate from the church, unlike their brethren from Massachusetts. Puritans came about to make a refuge where they thought their ... ...

• Word Count: 397
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... valued in a culture depend on nonmaterial culture for meaning (Brinkerhoff 34). Language not only embodies the values and meanings, but also carries the traditions, rituals and stories of the culture (39). Once a language is created, these ideas can be transmitted from one generation to the next (Rubenstein 137). Until one understands the language of a culture, they may not fully participate in ... the culture (Fishman 114). It is said that the grammar, structure, and meaning of a language affect how the speakers view reality (Brinkerhoff 39). This idea is called the linguistic relativi...

• Word Count: 1829
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... believes that they can reach more of its target market if it expands internationally. In this endeavor, NFL Properties has a distinct advantage over existing US based teams and over the expansion European teams. By centralizing marketing efforts, costs can be controlled and images developed by an organization that has 30 years of experience promoting American style football. They already have contracts ... with many international companies that can provide the necessary advertising dollars and that can produce the needed merchandise to sell in stores and at events. The downside for the ...

• Word Count: 2310
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the administration of the death penalty," said Diann Rust-Tierney, director of the American Civil Liberties Union's Capital Punishment Project. "What is this, some form of natural selection? Rep. Jesse Jackson, Jr., D-I11 said, "death-penalty Darwinism? Death-penalty survival of the fittest?" (Love) Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun (once a supporter of executions) commented on the unfair application of capital punishment ... ...

• Word Count: 2739
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , one of the first artists to ever use printmaking. Warhol also imitated styles of more contemporary artists, even ones in his own time, such as Ben Shahn, Jasper Johns, and Jackson Pollack (Ratcliff 68). Andy Warhol is more than just an artist. He was also a leading film maker, author, magazine publisher, music promoter, collector, and cultural critic (Baal-Teshuva 17). No ... ...

• Word Count: 880
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the development of art abroad. "Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Miro, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. Jackson Pollock's turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Kooning's first one ... ...

• Word Count: 824
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the administration of the death penalty," said Diann Rust-Tierney, director of the American Civil Liberties Union's Capital Punishment Project. "What is this, some form of natural selection? Rep. Jesse Jackson, Jr., D-I11 said, "death-penalty Darwinism? Death-penalty survival of the fittest?" (Love) Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun (once a supporter of executions) commented on the unfair application of capital punishment ... ...

• Word Count: 2861
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of all time" the University of Michigan signed five of the nation's top one hundred players for the 1991-92 season. These players, Chris Webber, Juwan Howard, Jalen Rose, Ray Jackson, and Jimmy King, had a greater impact on the college basketball world and pop culture in general than any group that preceded them (Albom 8). With all five of them starting as ... ...

• Word Count: 1992
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with earlier noir, is though oblique and vertical lines. Oblique and vertical lines, are able to disorientate the viewer and, "adhere to the choreography of the city " according to Schrader (39). Scorsese uses his realistic set ¬tings to create expressionist ends. Vertical and diagonal lines are seen thoughout the landscape in Taxi Driver. They dwarf characters, isolate them, frame their ... ...

• Word Count: 1980
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Cady", par 1) A women's declaration of grievances was written using the Declaration of Independence as a model; Stanton even went so far as to substitute the words "King George" with "male." (Banner, 39) Some of the injustices against women that they addressed included: women had no legal right to their earnings or children; wives could not testify against their husbands in court; although ... ...

• Word Count: 995
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... U.S. interests. Kinzer makes it clear that the principal aims for the overthrows were to establish the right of U.S. business to act as it wished, to satisfy new national ambition for expansion, to access needed resources or to obtain new markets, and to strengthen the U.S. economy at the expense of competitors. Overthrow takes us up to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 ... ...

• Word Count: 955
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Due to the America's isolated geographical location and late entry, the war delivered little economic damage in comparison to France, England, and Germany. The US was in a position of economic expansion and it actively took advantage. In little to no time, the US finally became a creditor nation and would import American goods all throughout Europe since countries which were ravaged by ... ...

• Word Count: 2233
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Chris DelPrince became a successful entrepreneur because he was consistently able to identify a the product needs of his customers. When he first began his business, he would frequent New York City, scouting for different novelty items he would be able to sell out of his truck. Chris's ability to id...

• Word Count: 540
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of turf is essential to the well-being of the gang, which often will use force to control both its territory and members. • Finally, recruitment of new members and expansion of territory are essential if a gang is to remain strong and powerful. Both "willing" and "unwilling" members are drawn into gangs to feed the need for more resources and gang ... ...

• Word Count: 2351
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... power, there is hardly another American institution to match it that is not another corporation closely allied with major corporations. Social responsibility encompasses an ever-expanding circle of concerns, this expansion reflects the success and importance of business in today's society. When business represented but a small part of society, like Adam Smith's, "nation of shopkeepers," the responsibilities of business consisted of ... ...

• Word Count: 1869
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... selling and manufacturing. Marshall's service as Cief of Justice to the Supreme court did more for our country than anybody could have imagined. His decisions led to the definition and expansion of the power of the federal government, the power of judicial review and to declare acts passed by Congress unconstitutional and the federal government's involvement in the national economy. Marshall ... ...

• Word Count: 989
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate