... the wartime changes affecting women did not end in 1945, but continued to shape their lives after the conflict." Studies by Margaret Goldsmith and Gertrude William's suggest that indeed a radical shift was apparent in the position of women. These conclusions were supplemented by a study commissioned by the International Labour office which concluded that there was definite evidence that there had been a move ... many women concluded in the survey that a women's place was at home. This is further augmented by the 39% of women who concluded in the survey that men should be given first pri...

• Word Count: 2750
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... perform in cultural sphere (79.4% male, 71.7% female). The 36.6% of male and 41.3% of female respondents think that their political rights are infringed. But 47% of male and 39.9% of female respondents feel that it is possible to perform in political sphere. About 20% of respondent could not answer at least one question. Most of them are people from 23 to 27. By Sex% Yes No ... Female Male Female Economic 66.5 58.8 21.8 26.1 11.7 15.1 Social 71.9 62.1 15.8 21.2 12.2 16.6 Cultural 84.5 76.8 7.1 11.9 8.4 11.3 Civil 79.4 71.7 10.8 15.2 9.8 13.0 Political 48.0 39.9 36.6 41.3 15.4 18.8 Profe...

• Word Count: 5989
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Theorist William Rathbone Greg best summaries the feelings of the Victorian age towards fallen women: "If the passions of woman were ready, strong, and spontaneous, in a degree even remotely approaching the form they assume in the coarser sex, there can belittle doubt that sexual irregularities would reach a height, of which, at present, ... world for him to control. Here he could create and run everything according to his rules." (Hartley 39) The fallen woman shows defiance by making the transition from the private and feminine space to the public and masculine space. The punishment ... to ...

• Word Count: 3387
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... avoiding those of bolder natures, like Katherina. A man's job in a marriage is explicitly stated in the play. He has control over his wife, and considers himself her governing figure. For example, when Kate and the widow are arguing, Petruchio is prepared to place money on Kate "putting her down". However, Hortensio responds with "That's my office", Act 5, scene 2, 36, meaning "that is ... is conveyed, allowing him to play the dominant role in a marriage, owing to his personal desire and the enforced expectations of society. A woman's duty of obedience in marriage is explicitly illustra...

• Word Count: 1366
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

William Shakespeare's, The Merchant of Venice, is an abiding play in terms of the values and ideas. The applicable values and ideas of gender equality and religious discrimination that are displayed during the play, represent how the present society can relate to them and still remain heavily debated topics. The injustice that Shylock receives, demonstrates the impact the value of religion can have to the ... are still important in the modern society, just as in Shakespeare's society. The result of the religious intolerance Shylock faces, can be related to the discrimination in the present s...

• Word Count: 927
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... interact to reflect and build personal knowledge about each other and to create meaning in their relationships (Wood, 2002). Research in the field of out-of-class communication is relevant to interpersonal communication because it can be related to the ideas of identity scripts, communication competence, and misunderstandings between gendered speech communities. Examples of interpersonal communication can be associated to the research through real life situations ... problems (Nadler and Nadler, 2001). Through the interpersonal communication methods of identity scripts, communication co...

• Word Count: 1444
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... around and arranged by the phallic symbol. This phallogocentrism, or male-centered discourse, permeates every aspect of literature: vocabulary, syntax, rules of logic, and inclinations toward binary oppositions such as male/female, order/chaos, language/silence, speech/writing, 3 etc. In order for women to defeat this system of placing precedence on one entity over another (man/woman) they must "make the old single-grooved ... to tell their true story to the masses, to inject a new feminine perspective into the small gaps and holes of the phallogocentric discourse. Cixous claims that in...

• Word Count: 1136
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... straight men and similar in size to the nucleus of female. In some gay men, this group altogether nonexistent; this is statistically proven in 1 in 1000 gay men. LeVay hypothesized that this is a biological factor and possibly genetically based has influenced in the brains of homosexuals to become feminized. (LeVay/Hamer 25) William Byne, a psychiatrist at Mount Sinai Medical Center ... decided to challenge and test LeVay's finding. Byne compared the brains of nineteen heterosexual men and seven women and found the male nuclei were larger, as LeVay had initiated ... is no ordinary topic...

• Word Count: 2425
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ). This literature as well as the commercial language represented in The Merchant of Venice represent a newly capitalist England in the Renaissance. Newman reminds her reader of the speech Portia gives, offering her love to Bassanio where her account of herself "illustrates the exchange between the erotic and economic that characterizes the play's representation of human relations- (p. 25). Portia objectifies herself as she describes toward the ... middle of the speech, herself in the third person, as the gift being given to ... ...

• Word Count: 772
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... society. When a woman like Desdemona threatens to disrupt these strict social boundaries through an interracial marriage and general outspokenness, a white male such as Iago feels threatened, responds as the victim of this so-called monster, thus further expressing the patriarchal superiority that has been written throughout history. In Act II Scene I, the great debate begins after Iago insults his own wife ... that have been erected and maintained by patriarchal white males and further makes Desdemona and all women into monsters through his act of victimization. After Iago's speech of s...

• Word Count: 1417
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... really motivates women to commit crimes? Walklate begins to state the differences between reliability and validity concerning sources and data sources. The reliability of a statistical source depends on whether the information collected is measured for the purpose previously stated or not, and if it is done in ... they say it's being measured on. Walklate believes that the validity is the more significant variable, because if you cannot verify the validity of a source, then the reliability is also in extreme doubt and is effectively irrelevant. When obtaining data it is quite challengin...

• Word Count: 1576
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... or not available to females and males. These stereotypic ideas are based on certain values and beliefs that have been culturally idealized and accepted by the society. As a matter of fact, the culture associated with the gender system, proposes differences in gender roles and expectations, hence oppressing inequality between female and male. In a system, these inequality-supporting cultural ... sexual readiness. As Jean Kilbourne, an internationally recognized for her work on the image of women in advertising, clarifies in her "Killing Us Softly 4" filmed speech; advertisements that inte...

• Word Count: 1909
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by William Shakespeare, the notion of doomed love or star crossed lovers is a theme that dominates the plays" climatic progress and protagonist development. Successful romance in these works then, is what drives the characters and brings joy to the gloom that ensues when apart from the object of one's ... the optimistic journeys to secure love, but rather the dark road paved from a mind clouded by love's thick disillusionment. Through the manipulation of stereotyped gender roles and the emphasis on romantic attachment in Macbeth and Love's Labour's Lost, Shakespeare clearly points to lo...

• Word Count: 1704
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in Alexander Pope's, The Rape of the Lock. Although Pope ridicules women's actions and presents woman in a negative manner, he does it in such a humorous way that it may not be obvious and offensive to all readers. This possesses a problem for the fact that maybe the initial meaning of the poem would not be attained ... by all of the readers. Pope goes on to describe from societies perspective that order to have one quality you must posses another attribute prior to ... before she can obtain self-importance. This then leads to the significance of the title of the poem The Rape of the Loc...

• Word Count: 473
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... The effect that the immediate family has on a child has changed quite significantly, which may not always be for the best. Freedom of speech is expressed more openly and people are encouraged to express their individuality. Where as in the Victorian society it was quite the opposite. ... iconography women were dichotomously defined as either angelic- pure, passive and ideally feminine- or they were demonic- subversive or defiant in some way of feminine ideals and "fallen" sexually. In literature too this opposition prevailed in that the fair and good women was rewarded- normally with t...

• Word Count: 1369
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... The effect that the immediate family has on a child has changed quite significantly, which may not always be for the best. Freedom of speech is expressed more openly and people are encouraged to express their individuality. Where as in the Victorian society it was quite the opposite. ... iconography women were dichotomously defined as either angelic- pure, passive and ideally feminine- or they were demonic- subversive or defiant in some way of feminine ideals and "fallen" sexually. In literature too this opposition prevailed in that the fair and good women was rewarded- normally with t...

• Word Count: 1370
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the intended readership. What advert of cosmetic products use most are the bodies of consumers to display the relation between user and product. The adverts of cosmetic brand use bodies to transfer symbolic meanings to the users of the brand. "Symbols are powerful mechanisms of meaning transfer when readers/consumers expend the mental effort to interpret the meaning of the symbol they become actively involved ... , and in some sense, accept the associations evoked by the symbol" The people's bodies figured in adverts must project gender images that suit the positioned brand image. The re...

• Word Count: 1975
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is stronger than any woman's. However, I think that Orsino is a fickle character anyway, and Shakespeare is using him to present the complexities of human nature and relationships, rather than his sexual orientation. Therefore, although appearance can amplify and confuse the issue, Shakespeare is presenting gender and identity ... as much more complex issues, dependent on many factors other than appearance. The language of a character always reflects his or her gender. It is therefore intriguing that Olivia falls in love with Cesario, at the point when she ... . Cesario uses eloquent la...

• Word Count: 2131
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

William Shakespeare's The Tempest provides a historical reference of the social expectations and stereotypes enforced upon women in Elizabethan times. Despite having only one predominant female ... thus was far from being deemed ideal. Ferdinand would only accept Miranda "if a virgin, and your affection not gone forth- hence accrediting Miranda of worth as a woman. A feministic view would recognize the sexism apparent in such social expectations, as women were unfairly condemned for losing their virginity before ... characteristics and the representation that would be interpreted from a femi...

• Word Count: 1829
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... change the way women are expected to look and are supposed to meet certain cultural expectations. In Ayesha Nusrats article "The Freedom of the Hijab", she talks about her own experiences with wearing the hijab and how she believes that women have a standard based ... Both talk about western cultural perceptions and social labels, but Princess Hijab makes a more communal response and Nusrats article seems to be much more of her personal experience. Even though women are said to appear and be perceived a certain way, they are often judged because we stereotype based on ... and does not w...

• Word Count: 1060
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... male and female sex. For centuries, the conflict that arises from each sex's differences has caused disputes and quarrels that stem from the inability to understand the characteristics of men and women. In Houston's story, the differences in genders are depicted in a scenario that gives rise to clashes between the male and female sex. Men ... but it is through those discrepancies and experiences when dealing with the differences that perspective is gained. Houston's story, "How to Talk to a Hunter", gives many examples of the differences between men and women, and shows how those differe...

• Word Count: 271
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... advert) are shown in a vulgar, oversexualised form; completely unnecessarily for a pork advert. Society has come far beyond subjecting an entire gender under specific gender roles and expectations. Therefore, the use of these stereotypes within the advertisement are ideas which are outdated and taboo; yet are contained all throughout the advert. NZ Pork's 'Mum's Night Off' has gone past the target ... views in which stereotypes, gender roles, and ultimately sexism are brought in. The whole meaning to life is to move forward; individually and together; as a society. Currently, a major...

• Word Count: 2056
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at higher level that men want to play at. Once this starts to happen it will lead the way to more and more events of desegregation of sports by gender that will soon likely disappear. On the popular show MADE that is on MTV, there was a particular episode where a ... just happen on television, it happens in books, magazines, newspapers, and even in large venues like the Olympics. A recent study of television coverage of women's sports found that 92% of all coverage was allocated to men, whereas only 5% allocated to women (Birrell and Theberge). In the popular magazine Sports Illustrated ...

• Word Count: 1558
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . This definition is a standard that is universally applied to all cultures. However, every society's perception of intelligence is extraordinarily different. Nancy Frazier (1973) suggests that the true American definition of intelligence is a male norm, meaning mathematical and spatial abilities are considered the best representation of intelligence. This type of intelligence is seen in business, science and technology. Yet, in truth, Frazier explains that intelligence encompasses ... far more than the ability to reason; the social side of intelligence, which is generally female intelli...

• Word Count: 3352
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Tess is a figure in whom oppositions such as virgin and whore collapse. Although Hardy primarily portrays his protagonist as a "pure woman", her purity is tarnished, in the eyes of her society, by the fact that she has been raped. Thus, it could be argued that Hardy's portrayal is primarily a pessimistic one. However, this is not reflected throughout the novel. ... that other one which she knew so well, yet it was more cheering"; and: "Tess had never visited this part of the country before, yet she felt akin to the landscape". Such references give Tess an almost mystical feel - the idea of a...

• Word Count: 316
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate