... explained in terms of the smallest of fundamental particles. . . . My task is to explain elephants, and the world of complex things, in terms of the simple things that physicists either understand, or are working on."[iii] He holds the view that science is the only acceptable form of explanation; if ... produce forms that do not breed with their ancestors, but it is not clear that they should count as a new species.[viii] Johnson notes that the creatures found in the early Cambrian period (about 570 million years ago) were very different from those found in Precambrian strata. ... of cour...

• Word Count: 7861
• Approx Pages: 31
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a non-moral difference. Yet the question arises as to the coherence of giving varying species members equal consideration morally. Philosopher Evelyn Pluhar notes the sharp distinction most humans wish to draw between racist and sexist bigotry and that of speciesism when she writes "Racism and sexism ... of a human with a non-human animal. Appearances aside, perhaps the only remaining difference is one of interests, and varying kinds. For as Pluhar notes, whether one being prefers to read the newspaper, or have his back scratched seems irrelevant to a certain being's moral consideration,...

• Word Count: 2741
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the daily lives of the cultural group, read about the culture, learn the language and talk to individuals who act as mediators or guides ( Lynch cited in HSA 2101 Lecture Notes.2003 ). This is very theoretical and not totally practical. To achieve this task would require immense time and dedication, even if desired, it would virtually be impossible to gain knowledge ... -cultural work is to be " aware that the individual and collective history has a considerable bearing on any problem" and that " history is a crucial factor in social life" ( HSA 2101 Lecture Notes.2003 ). Referring to th...

• Word Count: 2022
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that is why it is important to realize that the dimensions which shape and define that world are rooted in the social reality of the environment that surrounds them. W.I. Thomas notes in his theory of "Definition of the Situation" that, "the child is always born into a group of people among whom all the general types of situation which may arise have ... of focus. The immediate environment of the family is one that has crucial influence of the development of a child, because it can either facilitate or impede the process. As Lerner notes "the family is the major Microsystem for infant d...

• Word Count: 2352
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... conditioned and demanded by our weaknesses" (102). This quote by Nietzsche sharply contrasts the opinion of Mill and Huxley. While they saw morality and science as a benefit, Nietzsche saw these things as the downfall of human kind. He argued, "never make equal what is unequal" (113). Nietzsche believes that equality to all is in fact inequality, and what humans think to ... abilities/instincts; that is why Nietzsche believes the modern world is causing the human race to regress instead of making progress. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, who satirizes modern society in his novel Notes from the Unde...

• Word Count: 2100
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... while in the Middle Ages scholars believed liberty's proper meaning referred to one's capacity for something. Medievals maintained that since man chooses deliberate actions he is different from other living things and must be held responsible for those actions. Man alone knowingly directs himself to the good. The good man seeks to act in accordance with a good which is not self ... thought, maintains that Montesquieu's concept of liberty is compatible with that found in antiquity and the Middle Ages. Allen considers the Enlightenment's impact on America during the Revolutionary period. ...

• Word Count: 2975
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is that Dewey's own account as presented in texts such as Ethics(2) and Human Nature and Conduct(3) does not contain the material for developing a robust theory of the virtues as things valuable in their own right distinct from their value as means to other ends. Thus I shall argue that it is a Deweyan rather than Dewey's account of the moral virtues that ... to cultivate what are natural and spontaneous abilities in children, adults lose some of their capacity to grow. Dewey identifies these capacities as the child's natural dependence and plasticity. He notes "it sounds absurd to hear...

• Word Count: 6519
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... about how humans see differences in extreme opposites, where as everything is beautiful or ugly, good or bad, positive or negative, this or that no in betweens. If we allow things such as in betweens, then the boundaries of what is interpreted as good and bad have now been crossed, and we can no longer define what is and what isn ... conscious of what is going on. Yet there are those who love their heritage, but until they realize they are oppressing themselves, feel ashamed for loving themselves. For example, in "Notes Fragmented Daughter" by Elena Tajima, Elena spent her life being mi...

• Word Count: 1183
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... puts away, Chrysalis of Blonde- or Umber-Equal Butterfly" when describing Death's equality. By using "chrysalis" to represent earthly labels and classifications, Dickinson points out how temporary and superficial those things are. "Blonde" and "umber" are both unusual words for different shades of yellowish brown, and here the poet uses them to represent skin colors. Dickinson compares "chrysalis", "blonde", and "umber ... human for what they are- a beautiful and equal "butterfly". Unusual diction choices also help the poet further emphasize her point. "Color-caste-[and] denomination" a...

• Word Count: 980
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... for us to stay in the cabin the whole week so after settling in for the first day, we decided to begin a three day trek into the neighboring Entiat Mountains. Things went relatively well for the first day as we leisurely look photographs of each other and ate our well- prepared meals, but by the second day we began encountering unforeseen ... as a team. While reading Abbey's essay, I found myself spiritually relating to similar intense emotions and instances of joy that he experienced in his epic, death-defying journey. For instance, Abbey notes that "Across that narrow opening, a small...

• Word Count: 1281
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a contemporary of Einstein, who was the first to bring back a mathematically precise statement about the vaster realm beyond the limits Einstein had defined: [ ] There are an infinite number of true things in the world with no way of ascertaining their truth. Einstein defined the extent of the rational. GÖdel stuck a pin into the irrational and fixed it to the wall ... flute he provides the needed control and eventual victory over that which seeks to destroy him. The Einstein Intersection and "Orpheus and Eurydice- have many motifs which reverberate in the notes of history, the chants ...

• Word Count: 985
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... death is doubtless the last phase in a sickness and yet for Kierkegaard it would not appear to be the last thing" . As, he connotes in the strictest sense, the last things being death itself, but death only the last thing, which makes despair precisely the final thing for man. Hence, despair becomes the sickness unto death. Kierkegaard ... notes this in bodily sickness, but far from being true, death only succumbs to the end of the body, meaning to say to die from a bodily death. On the contrary, despair ... ...

• Word Count: 3547
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a consciousness of morality and religion. During the scientific revolution, where the separation from religion and the study of humanity began and new developments in physics and astronomy emerged, the author notes how Darwin's revolution opened scientific exploration further into the areas of geology and biology. Before Darwin's theory, geological and biological scientific exploration was challenged and subject to biblical arguments. Darwin ... ...

• Word Count: 1481
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a certain way, thought, or equation does not work. And what ever came of trial and error? Creativity. Humans have gained such a concept for the mere fact that sitting and taking notes in a square classroom does not allow them to think for themselves; it only dulls and weakens such a beautiful thing, the mind. It is as though we become zombies filled with ... ...

• Word Count: 1060
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , they were not his own. As early as the 12th century, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, 1091-1153 A.D., was quoted saying, "hell is paved with good intentions or desires-, and in Notes Theological, political, and Miscellaneous written by Samuel Taylor-Coleridge, he attributes the saying to Richard Baxter, 1615-1691 A.D. Although this saying has been coined as an English proverb, history traces ... ...

• Word Count: 932
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... increase his world view. The study of Judaism reveals a "millennial effort to foster a religious culture of self-restraint that intuitively respects the value and integrity of its natural environment. " Schorsch notes that the Talmud and the Hebrew Bible both frequently "regulate a Jew's relationship to the natural world" and especially speak to the curbing of "man's unlimited use of his environment." In ... ...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... preferences. Overlap of such niches would likely occur but to a limited degree. Both of the above-proposed models are difficult to support with the given bodies of evidence. However, Mellars notes that in The faunal assemblages recovered from the Chatelperronian levels at La Ferrassie, Roc de Combe, Le Paige, Les Cottes, Fontenioux, La Chevre, Pair-non-Pair, Saint-Cesaire, Quincay, Arcy ... ...

• Word Count: 1502
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and officials from the National Institute on Drug abuse received more than 10,000 letters denunciating the testing (Cowley 50). Action has not stopped at the level of correspondence, Caras notes, and with mixed results. "When leaflets and picket signs were replaced by night raiders and bombers, science sat up and paid attention- (Caras 57). Though he personally disparages acts of ... ...

• Word Count: 1153
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , they were not his own. As early as the 12th century, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, 1091-1153 A.D., was quoted saying, "hell is paved with good intentions or desires-, and in Notes Theological, political, and Miscellaneous written by Samuel Taylor-Coleridge, he attributes the saying to Richard Baxter, 1615-1691 A.D. Although this saying has been coined as an English proverb, history traces ... ...

• Word Count: 947
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a cyber-community, which in effect appears to live in the 'online' space of the Internet unlike that of the physical space presented by reality (Allan 2000. Sv "Cybersocieties"). As Beniger notes: "Cyberspace does not merely consist of material objects (such as the computer, modem or telephone line) but also has two major non-material components: relationships among the individuals and the ... ...

• Word Count: 3117
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , and he then develops an argument that human good is the activity of the soul expressing virtue. The good is the object of his search in this section, and he notes that the good normally differs according to what subject is under discussion. This means that the good in medicine and the good in another science will be different. What Aristotle ... ...

• Word Count: 1576
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... description conforms to the traditional gender roles held still to this day, with the male being the decisive, "operative and formative agent", and the female provides support and sustenance. Albert notes Galen's observations that the male sperm acts as a necessity, a power, and an agent, while the colder female seminal fluid serves as nourishment of the male sperm.# This sexism is also ... ...

• Word Count: 517
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the person for who they are underneath the faulty gene line. Gene therapy can only diminish the likelihood of inheriting these defects that will reduce their unjustifiable sufferings. Parens notes the harsh conformity imposed by society to the point that "sufferings that are due, not to some departure from species-typical functioning, but rather to some attitude or practice of ... ...

• Word Count: 2796
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in that as sense is to the sensible, so is the intellect to the intelligible. It is given that our sight can see all things corporeal, whether they are superior and incorruptible, or lower and incorruptible. Therefore our intellect is able to understand all intelligible substances, including the superior ... incapable of knowing the perfection of God as it is in itself. Aquinas then offers this thought from Scripture: who shall search out the things of Heaven? The substances dealt with in this problem are said to be in Heaven, i.e. God and the angels. Therefore immaterial substances ......

• Word Count: 1459
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... far back as one hundred years ago. One hundred years ago, people lived happily without needing a telephone or a car. As technology supposedly improved our lives, we got more dependent on things that weren't necessary to live. We must become independent from luxuries and learn to live without them. By being dependant on luxuries, we are becoming attached to objects that can ... on luxuries, and the social skills that we lose over time, we become disconnected from each other and more connected to artificial realities. A luxury like world of warcraft among other things, is a major cause of...

• Word Count: 1097
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate