... nearly forgotten, it might actually surpass all other means of transportation. As accessible petroleum deposits decline, automobile populations soar, cities are becoming polluted with combustion by-products, the internal combustion engine is ever more falling prey due to its own victory. Since personal transportation continues to be an important link in the economy of today's societies, individual automobile ownership seems to ... . Since the United States went to war with Iraq, fuel prices across the nation skyrocketed. Another fuel-efficient feature of the Toyota Prius is the unique dri...

• Word Count: 1064
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... tractors and snowmobiles) emit air toxics as well.(Lee, 18) Some toxic compounds are present in gasoline and are emitted to the air when gasoline evaporates or passes through the engine as unburned fuel. Benzene, for example, is a component of gasoline. Cars emit small quantities of benzene in unburned fuel, or as vapor when gasoline evaporates. A significant amount of ... hill. Composite materials like carbon fiber or lightweight metals like aluminum and magnesium can be used to reduce weight. The Dodge ESX is a great example of a very efficient hybrid-fuel engine/drivetrain that exhi...

• Word Count: 2044
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... type of hybrid car, known as a parallel hybrid, has a fuel tank, which supplies gasoline to the engine. It also contains a set of batteries that supplies power to an electric motor. Both the engine and the electric motor can turn the transmission at the same time, thus turning the wheels and propelling the ... car forward. This means that the gasoline engine and the electric motor work in unison, providing the extra power needed to overcome steep hills, the excessive wind drag of the highway ... cancer due to the toxins in the air, and help the economy by using a cost effective energy s...

• Word Count: 978
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... into researching hydrogen as an alternative fuel sources for automobiles. Not only is hydrogen the "cleanest fuel available" and creates "negligible emissions of air pollutants" when powering an internal combustion engine, but it has also been known to actually clean the air while acting as a fuel (Kushnir 12). Roy McAlister and his engineering students at Arizona State University demonstrated this "minus ... kerosene" (Kushnir 12). In fact, gasoline has been the cause of many more deaths than hydrogen. If people were to consider the fact that "15,000 cars are destroyed by engine fires ...

• Word Count: 1803
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1960's, the car centered culture came to be redefined as designer John De Lorean teamed up with an engineer who determined that a 389- cubic inch V-8 engine had the same size and shape as a 322 cubic inch V-8 and could fit seamlessly in the same automobile chassis, all while adding sixty-seven more ... horsepower. With this increase in engine size to the Pontiac Tempest in 1964, the car culture would be redefined as the Pontiac GTO debuted as arguably the first "muscle car."" Converting ... the "muscle car"" market. This market became so popular that Detroit introduced a sub-trend of th...

• Word Count: 7127
• Approx Pages: 29
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... see why something needs to be done. Though CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas it is not the only emission that comes from a decombustion engine that creates environmental problems. Other gaseous emissions that we don't normally hear about are Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Hydrocarbons (HC), and ... 2003, 1). Vapor seeps out due to the imperfect sealing of the fuel tank, pipes and hoses, as well as other components leading to the engine. HCs also comes out the tail pipe as a result of the less-than-perfect gaseous clean up of the catalytic converter that fail to clean ...

• Word Count: 2418
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... eyes of the auto industry and the American government. For nearly a century, vehicles have been powered by internal combustion engines, which operate by burning its fuel inside the engine. The most common internal combustion engine is gasoline powered. Others include diesel, hydrogen, methane, or propane. From a technological perspective, gasoline-powered internal combustion engines have limitations in terms of performance and fuel-efficiency ... is in better supply world-wide- far better- than oil. It is correspondingly cheaper on a miles-per-dollar basis. It is much better than gasoli...

• Word Count: 1287
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... batteries while the car is using gasoline. If a person stops at some traffic lights, the car turns off the engine and runs off the battery that is in the car and once the car reaches 20 mph it turns the gasoline engine part of the car back on. This not saves in the amount of energy being used by the car but ... saving gas. In addition by using the batteries to accelerate the car after stopping, the car is able to gain even better acceleration than using gasoline. The use of a smaller engine by hybrid cars saves space and significantly reduces the weight of the car allowing for better mi...

• Word Count: 557
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fuels at this rate will eventually cause this resource to be depleted. This stresses the need for an alternate energy source to power automobiles, and the redesign of the combustion engine to use this new energy source. Pollution of the air from fossil fuels is a problem that society has been aware of for quite some time. The Environmental Protection Agency reports ... implementation of the fuel cell vehicle. Fuel cells vehicles do not pollute the air at all. These vehicles are also known as hybrid vehicles. In comparison to the internal combustion engine, which burns gasoline to produc...

• Word Count: 1440
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to the reader if he had mentioned some of the newer materials used in cars to make them lighter, as well as the older ones they replaced; in both the engine and the car body itself. Again in the conclusion he brings up interesting points but he leaves us wanting for more, he says the automotive industry is a long way away ... wheels, rather than just the back two or the front two. Because of the even spread of the opposing forces, a car with a mid-engine is less likely to lose control in a sharp turn than a rear or front engine. The conclusion does a good job of coming around full circl...

• Word Count: 908
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... for the shortfall in battery technology. All hybrid vehicles produced limit the amount of smog pollutant compared to standard internal combustion vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the internal combustion engine of a conventional vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle, resulting in twice the fuel economy of conventional vehicles. This combination offers the extended range and rapid ... require cleaner cars. Use of production HEVs will reduce smog-forming pollutants over the current national average. Hybrids will never be true zero-emission vehi...

• Word Count: 481
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in one side; water and electric power come out the other. (Why couldn't I think of that?) It is quiet and squeaky clean, as long as you don't mind a puff of steam. With slightly more technology, one can even substitute methanol or propane for pure hydrogen. According to an online article from the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), fuel cells have captured ... ...

• Word Count: 949
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the road, but fly in the sky. A scene shows that in the morning one leading actor gets into a car and pushes the start button, the care then automatically starts its engine. After the driver speaks a location to the car, the car moves forward to the destination without any input of the leading actor. During the drive, all cars are running without ... ...

• Word Count: 2146
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... create technologies to improve fuel efficiency and reduced emissions will gain a stronghold in the market. A few industry powerhouses are already experimenting with stop-start technology, which restricts power to the engine when a car is stopped, and using lighter materials. "This is going to spur a lot of interest in lightweight materials," said Roland Hwang from the Natural Resources Defense Council's transportation program ... ...

• Word Count: 789
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... greater space for the passengers given its limited width and length. The Uno replace the 127, which kept the elements perceived positively by current customers (value, reliability, drivability, fuel economy, engine performance) and improve the elements, which are perceived more critically (design, comfort, and luggage space). The Uno will employ innovative technologies and be mass-produced. Because of market conditions Fiat ... ...

• Word Count: 874
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... often enormous, up to several hundred thousand dollars. To win a racing series, such as the Indy car championship or the Winston Cup, requires several million dollars "for salaries; construction; engine-rental, and maintenance payments; and other related costs. With revenues from large corporate sponsorships, the sale of television broadcast rights, and the selling of public stock and other financial procedures ... ...

• Word Count: 1067
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Timeline and Background: Bavarian Aircraft Works was founded in 1916. The company was created through a merger of an aircraft maker and a manufacturer of aircraft engine, which initially produced airplane motors. Bavarian Aircraft Works merged with Rapp Motor Works in 1917, which then became Bavarian Motor Works (BMW). In 1922, BMW started producing small engines for ... ...

• Word Count: 1756
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate