... 000 federal prisoners will be released early because of the U.S. Sentencing Commission's decision to retroactively apply the Fair Sentencing Act, which reduced prison terms for inmates convicted of crack-cocaine offenses. On a unanimous vote, "unfairly long sentences" for crack offenders, who are mostly African Americans, were reduced to be more compatible with sentences given to powder-cocaine offenders, who are often white ... barring that Congress does not veto it, although that is highly unlikely. The average crack sentence will be reduced by about 37 months, which could save more th...

• Word Count: 790
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Texas judge William Adams, who ironically presides over child abuse cases, caused uproar when daughter Hillary Adams uploaded a video on YouTube of him savagely beating her with a belt when she was sixteen years old. According to Hillary, the abuse was not a one-time thing. Her mother, Hallie Adams who has since divorced William, claimed that her ex-husband had bouts of violence caused by his "addiction," which they kept as a "family secret" for a long time. Because the statute of limitations has lapsed, William cannot be charged with child abuse, although it is yet to be seen whether his care...

• Word Count: 531
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... opposition from the US Justice Department, Hispanics, immigration advocacy organizations, and some churches (All Headline News). The Justice Department filed a lawsuit against Alabama, stating that each state must abide by the federal immigration laws. They argue that the new provisions, which are referred to as H.B. 56, "conflict with federal immigration law and undermine the federal government's careful balance of ... the court enters its ruling, whichever comes first." Blackburn commented that the court needs this time "to adequately address the numerous challenges to the law" (Guarin...

• Word Count: 844
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... -time work. So mothers who go to work outside know that they have to do effectively two jobs, be exhausted and still have to pay for childcare. "A woman's place is in the home"- this statement is baseless and out of date. The world cannot be run by arrogant ... and intrusive men who make up fifty percent of the world's population. How can half the people operate the world? This is clearly shown from the fact that almost all third world nation women are forced to stay in ... the kitchen and bring up children, which is why those countries are economically struggling. For ... realizing the...

• Word Count: 461
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... judges during each election year. (Booth) Three Supreme Court justices by the name of Barbara Pariente, Peggy Quince, and Fred Lewis are being targeted for trying to use political efforts to restore the courts. I do believe that politics played a role in the decision to place the three Florida Supreme Court justices up for retention because with the judicial system politics is apart of what ... didn't do anything wrong, so I"m not understanding why people are trying to take them out in order to help Gov. Rick Scott when politics isn't supposed to have anything to do with the courts whats...

• Word Count: 432
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Arguments for why Reconstruction was not a failure The Reconstruction implemented by Congress reorganized the Southern states after the Civil War, readmitted them into the Union, and defined the means by which whites and blacks could live together in a non-slave society. Reconstruction was successful because it accomplished what it achieved, reintegration of African-Americans into the American political ... and social society. African Americans enjoyed a period when they were allowed to vote, actively participate in the political process, form political ... first time in history, America wa...

• Word Count: 269
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... many infractions, oversights and misinterpretations have occurred which have unfairly inhibited the freedom of the American people. This truth can be seen in the continued refusal by the government as a whole to accept, legalize or recognize same sex marriages, which has led to unrest and dissention among the ... world wars, official marriage certificates could be obtained for gay couples in Harlem on a somewhat legal basis. (Eskridge 39-44) Despite the evidence of these fairly common unions, many of our law makers strongly oppose the legalization of the practice in America, based on the...

• Word Count: 1519
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... North or the South gave exceptionally different recompenses and exposure to the political atmosphere for the women in the early republic. A women's ability to acquire an education as well as an opportunity to advance on a social, political and ... educated her father may have been and most importantly the color of her skin.1 The divide between customs and traditions were entrenched in the social hierarchies that persisted in the south. It is important to understand how the development of Human rights and liberties were so closely associated to the traditions and ... off of formal educ...

• Word Count: 614
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... he found love. The family that is suing Great Benefit Insurance Company has written eight letters to the firm all about the treatment and expenses needed necessary for their son to have a chance against the disease he is battling. However with no proof that having a bone marrow transplant will save their son, ... Great Benefit uses this as the reason for not paying the claim, because it is stated in the manual that no treatment will be covered unless it is proven to heal the patient. Meanwhile, Rudy (Matt Damon) is ... time again just how little he really knows about the legal system. ...

• Word Count: 491
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... follows. First of all, it will destroy the solemnity of the court and bring a mental burden to the jury if TV cameras are allowed in the courtroom. Clearly, courtroom is a sacred and authoritative place as well as the judicial procedure is serious; however, both the dazzling magnesium light ... TV cameras of court proceedings may infringe upon the privacy right of plaintiff. For example, most victims of the sexual assault cases dislike appearing in the public. Based on these three aspects, it is unwise to put TV cameras in the courtroom. Another reason why I advocate the above mention is...

• Word Count: 569
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 68 and 73 degrees. Each room must also have an adjoining janitor's closet that spans at least 50 square feet (Hanna). Kansas avoided being the first state in the United States without an abortion provider by granting Planned Parenthood an abortion license. Two other abortion providers haven't obtained licenses yet and, therefore, cannot perform abortion legally until a federal court intervenes. They face ... ," Newman said. "That is a two-thirds reduction and I will take an accumulated victory every chance we get them" (Hanna). On the other hand, Kari Ann Rinker, state coordinator for th...

• Word Count: 804
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In April 2010, Republican governor of Ohio John Kasich signed Senate Bill 5 into effect, a measure than many felt personally attacked the 360,000 workers who provide public services. The law bans the right of public workers to strike; imposes large wage cuts by mandating workers to pay at least 15 percent of their health insurance costs; bases pay raises for teachers and other workers ... on performance instead of seniority; and facilitates the decertification of local unions. School districts, municipalities, and other government bodies are allowed to enforce their final offer in the case of...

• Word Count: 500
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time." Most all of the institutions for juveniles have treatment programs in places for the youths in its custody. Some of these programs are counseling services, group or individual, vocational ... attitude, the offender's behavior while inside the institution and his family structure/support services on the outside. I think successful rehabilitation efforts depend on the ...

• Word Count: 730
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "The home invasion change would identify home invasions as an aggravating circumstances to be considered by the judge at the time of sentencing. This lets the judge know that they view home invasions as a serious criminal act and that it should have significant penalties." As for criminal harassment or stalking, the sentence would be doubled from five years to ten years ... to criminal harassment. Also included are amendments that will improve the process for reviewing allegations of miscarriages of justice in offenses that resulted in a conviction. The amendment will spell out clearly ...

• Word Count: 419
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ; have the right to tell the truth as they see it. On the contrary, one example is China, whose censorship program is considered the most sophisticated in the world. All news in China is filtered by the government before being published. Any author whose information is found to be inappropiate will be strongly punished. Also, the citizens of China should be very careful ... about what they say, even when talking with friends. There is neither independent journalism nor freedom of speech in China. Clearly, China´s laws are violating basic human ... are more accustomed to receiving diff...

• Word Count: 853
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Brown recently signed an online sales tax into law that allows the state's tax board to collect sales tax from online retailers that have relationships with an affiliate, typically in-state blogs that drive sales to the retailers in exchange for a small cut of the proceeds. Federal law has allowed online retailers to collect sales tax only if the seller has a physical presence ... View, fought for the law after struggling to compete against online retailers who don't collect sales tax. "We still have enough people who think a music store is pretty cool to be around, but we have lost sev...

• Word Count: 791
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... three affiliated issues: membership of a political community, the rights and obligations associated with that membership, and participation by those members in the life of that polity (Blackburn, 1). These three issues are discussed in relation to Indonesian women's experience in the twentieth century. The membership of Indonesian Women in society has been a struggle to define because the state has been reluctant to deal with women on ... because of their gender and lack of education. Despite these hindrances, greater opportunities and better education for these women will aid them in t...

• Word Count: 605
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... American citizens are expected to actively partake in political activities. Ordinary people can shape public policy by voting, donating to campaigns, writing letters, and even running in elections. With so many opportunities for people to participate in the political process, why do some choose to sit and observe from the sidelines? Some say it is lack of time or information that causes them to not partake ... , but I believe in American society today, the decline of ... magazine on November 25, 2002, sixty percent of American citizens said they do not involve themselves in politics bec...

• Word Count: 706
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... likely to be a problem for clients or agencies. Reporting Mandates In order to protect children and adults that cannot advocate for themselves, all counselors are considered mandated reporters. Mandated reporters are responsible and obligated to report abuse and neglect of any kind. When clients disclose information to therapist, therapists are expected to abide by the ethical rules of confidentiality ... . Confidentiality is considered an ethical term in contrast to privileged information, which is ... a legal term. These two terms can be confusing to clients and are not interchangeable...

• Word Count: 1014
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on grounds on unconstitutionality (Ranney, 2001)and was granted in the case Marbury v. Madison in 1803. As occurred in Brown v. Board of Education, judicial review may be used as a tool to protect minority groups from laws created by the majority. However, it is a profoundly undemocratic device. Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life and are thus unaccountable to the democratic process. ... But it is important for democracy to protect the minority from mob rule? Eugene Rostow, in his work "The Democratic Character of Judicial Review" (1952) purports ... Clause. Basically, Lawrenc...

• Word Count: 930
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... first week of sales alone, 37 new dispensaries around the sate reported retail sales that, when added up, were roughly $5 million ("(Colorado's legal weed market: $700 million in sales last year, $1 billion by 2016.)." More dispensaries also means more job opportunities for the unemployed. In its first official year of legalization, Colorado retailers sold $386 million from medicinal marijuana and $313 million ... for recreational purposes, totaling $700 million in sales. These two markets generated $63 million in tax revenue, with an additional $13 million collected in licenses and fee...

• Word Count: 1122
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... not want marijuana to be legal is because there is no hard-core evidence that proves that marijuana is an effective drug as a medicine. In twenty years of research, no reliable scientific proof that marijuana has medical value was produced. The American Cancer Society, American Glaucoma Society, the ... next "alcohol." Due to these factors, marijuana is likely become more widely accepted by the American people who will pressure congress to rewrite the laws on the drug marijuana. Now it is only a matter of time before lobbying groups pressure the legislature to legalize it. Due to legaliz...

• Word Count: 821
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... not want marijuana to be legal is because there is no hard-core evidence that proves that marijuana is an effective drug as a medicine. In twenty years of research, no reliable scientific proof that marijuana has medical value was produced. The American Cancer Society, American Glaucoma Society, the ... next "alcohol." Due to these factors, marijuana is likely become more widely accepted by the American people who will pressure congress to rewrite the laws on the drug marijuana. Now it is only a matter of time before lobbying groups pressure the legislature to legalize it. Due to legaliz...

• Word Count: 796
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Probation and parole are central to my interests and are vital to the efficiency of the justice system. Ranging from the first contact made by the judiciary to the sentencing and release, probation and parole are integrated and necessary in almost every aspect of an offender's journey through the judicial system. Technological advances that have been afforded to probation and parole officers ... the ignition interlock, this device has potentially saved innumerable lives. Another portable product used in the field tests pupil response to determine if the subject is currently under the i...

• Word Count: 894
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... subject to employer monitoring. This action by the employer will guard it against the uncertainties of the future state of the law, while also putting the employee on notice that the e-mail communications are to be used for valid business purposes only. This will assure the employees that they should use business time for only business not personal agenda. In all, the United States work ... environment must seek to raise awareness of the ethical issue of E-mail privacy by explaining both the vulnerabilities to which E-mail is subject to and ... by defining the privacy expectations to b...

• Word Count: 848
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate