... , limits to free speech are justified in public area if the speech poses a clear and present danger, contains a threat, if the speech contains fighting words and in the cases of child pornography. Furthermore, a call-to-action in the free speech is necessary, as a call to action shows that there is ... limited, it is beneficial to look at present-day situations. In looking at a recent situation at Oklahoma State University, where fraternity members were caught on video singing "There will never be a nigger in SAE," the Oklahoma students argue they were exercising their rights to free spee...

• Word Count: 948
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Texas judge William Adams, who ironically presides over child abuse cases, caused uproar when daughter Hillary Adams uploaded a video on YouTube of him savagely beating her with a belt when she was sixteen years old. According to Hillary, the abuse was not a one-time thing. Her mother, Hallie Adams who has since divorced William, claimed that her ex-husband had bouts of violence caused by his "addiction," which they kept as a "family secret" for a long time. Because the statute of limitations has lapsed, William cannot be charged with child abuse, although it is yet to be seen whether his care...

• Word Count: 531
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Florida has added a constitutional ban on the union of same-sex couples in the state. Amendment 2 would classify a marriage as a union that is only allowable between a man and a woman. To overturn the amendment, less than 60 ... who support the ban believe that a constitutional ban would ensure that no judge could ever overturn it. At this time, there are 27 states in the country that have bans on same-sex marriages. In Florida, all constitutional amendments need a 60 percent super majority to be passed. ...

• Word Count: 363
• Approx Pages: 1
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... issue raises the question, "How much government interference is needed in each and every citizen's personal life?" The interference is not currently a problem; however, spy ware organizations pose a serious threat on society. If these spy ware organizations are able to sell it to producers, what will stop them from selling it to the government? As a result this information can permit the ... -time monitoring and when we do in fact reach this stage, we are bound to be observed by cyber-police. In reality this would be no different from placing cameras on shoulders of each citizen and end ...

• Word Count: 272
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On Patriotism and What It Means To Me While patriotism in its truest sense is only a minor evil, in America it has been blown out of proportion into an incredible engine ... a bigger challenge then it should be with an apathetical public opinion and an ineffective media, one whose primary goal is to market goods rather then to inform. Yes, Americans are on average lacking. Needing and pleading for help whether they understand it or not. But patriotism is not the answer to their plight....

• Word Count: 303
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... federal prisoners will be released early because of the U.S. Sentencing Commission's decision to retroactively apply the Fair Sentencing Act, which reduced prison terms for inmates convicted of crack-cocaine offenses. On a unanimous vote, "unfairly long sentences" for crack offenders, who are mostly African Americans, were reduced to be more compatible with sentences given to powder-cocaine offenders, who are often white ... sentences given to crack-related crimes such as possession and trafficking. Many people believed the law was racially discriminatory because crack users are typical...

• Word Count: 790
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... public workers to strike; imposes large wage cuts by mandating workers to pay at least 15 percent of their health insurance costs; bases pay raises for teachers and other workers on performance instead of seniority; and facilitates the decertification of local unions. School districts, municipalities, and other government bodies are allowed to enforce their final offer in the case of a labor ... almost every other state in the nation (White). The working class took to the streets in protest of Kasich's new law. In fact, the state capitol in Columbus was chaotic on the day that he first ...

• Word Count: 500
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... CIVILIZATION From early times right down to the 3rd century A.D, the Roman army was based on its legions. A legion varied in strength from 4,000 to 6,000 men, and was subdivided onto ten cohorts. Its leader used the title of ... and a short thrusting gladius or sword. Cavalry was supplied by the auxiliaries (second line troops) and was organized mainly in units 500 strong. When it was on campaigns the army was accompanied by a number of specialists. One was the camp commandant, who was responsible for the organization of the camp. The Romans were ... to those that were used by American'...

• Word Count: 1203
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is Enough, a Virginia-based anti-pornography organization. She supported the Communications Decency Act (CDA), a law that was passed in 1996 to ban the transmission of obscene or indecent material on the Internet. A number of civil rights and computer groups challenged the constitutionality of the provisions of the CDA under First Amendment grounds in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, the first ... Supreme Court case about the freedom of speech on the Internet. The group of 20 plaintiffs that challenged the law included the American Civil Liberties Union, companies such as Microsof...

• Word Count: 427
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , rights, and opportunities, as well as taking care of the least advantaged members of the society (Kamalu et. al, 2010). This implies that the consistence with social justice depends on whether for social whether it promotes or hinders equality of access to civil liberties, human rights, opportunities for healthy and fulfilling lives, as well as whether it allocates a fair share ... within society (Kamalu et. al, 2010). It is concerned with the ways resources are allocated to people by social institutions. This therefore means that something is just or unjust depends on whether advantage...

• Word Count: 1024
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... citizen. Although this may seem extreme, the Russian government controls 'two of the three main federal channels' and 'TV is Russia's main news source' (BBC 2010). Having a monopoly on the media to this extent will not only allow the Russian president Putin to dictate the news but also prevents 'free speech' media programs. English comedian John Oliver, for ... over-controlling. It is now the case in Russia that if you speak out against the government they will either sensitise your report, fine you, imprison you or all three. On the other hand, Iceland attracts journalis...

• Word Count: 1057
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of all of their students, and makes it illegal to give a ride or house an illegal immigrant (Johnson). The measure, which was signed on June 9th by Alabama Governor Robert Bentley faced great opposition from the US Justice Department, Hispanics, immigration advocacy organizations, and some churches (All Headline ... Blackburn commented that the court needs this time "to adequately address the numerous challenges to the law" (Guarino). However, Blackburn refuses to comment on the legality of the bill. "In entering this order the court specifically notes that it is in no way addressing the...

• Word Count: 844
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Parenthood an abortion license, although the Kansas Department of Health and Environment paired several regulations with the license. The department tells abortion providers what drugs and equipment they must have on hand, how big some of their rooms must be, and the specific temperatures allowed in procedure and recovery rooms. These regulations are part of new licensing law that stems ... ). "There are still other abortion mills that cannot meet compliance," Newman said. "That is a two-thirds reduction and I will take an accumulated victory every chance we get them" (Hanna). On the othe...

• Word Count: 804
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... groups and lobbyists, News Media and the Law Commission. The aims of these influences vary, for instance pressure groups may protest to create legislation on a pedophile name and shame system whereas Media groups may publish support against the name and shame legislation. The effects can also vary, a small ... group which doesn't do a lot to get noticed has less chance of influencing any legislation choices than a larger pressure group which is out on the streets causing big scenes. The Law Commission was set up in 1965 with the duty of keeping the law under review with a view ... put...

• Word Count: 540
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , pollution prevention, pollution by dumping at sea and land-based pollution. As a final point, this paper will argue about how the provisions contained in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea leads this international treaty into a useful tool to marine environment defence. Relevant Clauses of UNCLOS III Related to Marine Environment Protection The marine environment can ... and to establish the obligation to alert the regional counterparts about forthcoming risks or actual damage to marine resources from pollution. Another obligation to the nations is working together on ...

• Word Count: 1102
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... adversarial system is essentially a party process. It involves a two sided contest between prosecution and defendant in a judicial area." (Newman D, source 1) Nevertheless the adversarial system is doubted by the public on its ability in establishing justice at all costs. In this essay, these points with be evaluated and compared to the inquisitorial system in order to propose potential improvements based ... and prejudice to exist. Conversely judicial impartiality is a problem in the inquisitorial system where the judge is both prosecutor and final adjudicator. Furthermore the adversar...

• Word Count: 594
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... it taxed and regulated the sale of marijuana: $1,400,000,000. These numbers are only escalating, while we could be spending the resources on beneficial improvements for our country. Marijuana is undoubtedly the most popular illicit drug used in America. While some use it for its medical benefits ... it is largely for its recreational purposes. And while there is a continuous use of marijuana and other illegal substances, there is a continuous War on Drugs, in effect by the government. In California alone, "it is estimated that pot is the largest cash crop in California, with annual ... m...

• Word Count: 1206
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... mouthwash, gum, or cold medicine are somehow responsible for a positive but very low BAC reading. North Carolina has set the limit to .00 BAC. By late 1999, all 50 states plus DC had zero tolerance laws for youth. States that did not have zero tolerance laws for youth by 1998 faced a federal sanction of the withholding of highway construction funds (NHTSA ... ...

• Word Count: 1598
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Human Rights in Article I, "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." She states something that a human should learn at birth. Most people learn that you should treat people how you want to be treated, but not everybody learned this ... ...

• Word Count: 829
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"In sickness and in health til death do us part-, with those familiar words, millions of people each year are married; a public affirmation of a private bond both society and the newlyweds hope will endure. However, this tradition of marriage has been denied to homosexuals ... and political same-sex marriage issue. Banning same-sex marriage is discriminatory. In 1967, the Supreme Court declared marriage as "one of the basic civil rights of man."" In other words, marriage is a basic human right and therefore, shouldn't be denied to any individual. If homosexuals are being deterred to many bec...

• Word Count: 562
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... : give rights to all, or do not give rights to anybody." When the word homosexual is said most people feel uncomfortable. This is because "gay" and "lesbian" have become obscene words in society. Morality often plays a big part in the discussion of legalizing gay marriage; many people have religious beliefs that say that homosexuality is wrong and unnatural. Some say that ... or equal rights. According to article nine of the Constitution the enumeration, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. In other words the Constitution cannot be...

• Word Count: 409
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . These decisions can be national decisions, provincial decisions, or local decisions. There are three fundamental principals of democracy. The first one basically states that majority rules, in other words 50% of the votes plus 1. The second principal is that you have the choice of which political party to vote for, there isn't only one party. Finally the third principal is the right ... decide not to vote, then the elected candidates are just representing a small portion of the population and some of the decisions made may be against the wishes of many people. On the other hand, many c...

• Word Count: 830
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... cited as an obvious answer to the constitutional-protection question, it is often referred to simply as the "right to bear arms." However, the full text reads, "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people ... to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed;" therefore, the general populace must increase its awareness that this is clearly an individual right and stop arguing ... any firearm. It also strengthened the "registration requirements for handguns and other restricted weapons..." The law's intention was to reduce the availabili...

• Word Count: 883
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... all of them the same way; It can regulate the economy, declare war, raise an army and propose laws. And although the president can veto a bill, an executive branch checks on the legislative department, congress can override the veto if two thirds of both houses are in agreement (thus balancing out the executive department's power over Congress). Article II describes the ... , the first ten amendments to the Constitution, reinforce and establish many rights for the average US citizen. Among them are the rights of any citizen to freely express religion, to bear arms, to close one's home to...

• Word Count: 1128
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... male officers observing female showers. Under protection of the Constitution, male inmates have a privacy right that prevents female officers from viewing them (visual-search) in the nude and from touching (tactile-searching) their crotch area (urinogenital area) even when clothed. (Palmer, Constitutional Rights of Prisoners.) The Eighth Amendment has been the topic of much controversy mostly concerning the ... that it does not contain any illegal items or weapons, but may not censor portions of correspondence which they find merely inflammatory or rude. A prison regulation that impinges...

• Word Count: 2215
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate