... the case with David Stern and the WNBA, but the commentators, broadcast executives, and sideline reporters for these events are still overwhelmingly male. This all leads to issues that trivialize women's sports, and downplay the level at which they are being performed when sizing them against comparable male sports. Commentary for male sporting events is obviously distinguishable as masculine, with ... frequent references to speed, victory, aggression, and size. At the same time, women's sports are characterized by references to appearance, clothing, and an overall lack of enthusiasm. Fo...

• Word Count: 2200
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of sport has contributed to idealizing and institutionalizing competition, domination, toughness and aggression as unquestionable and sacred masculine values. The combination of media and sport represents a powerful ideological and cultural force, which deserves immediate and critical attention. For example football is the peak masculine sport in the U.S. It is a sport where the definition of excellence is premised on strength, ... , they cannot be considered "real men". Indeed, the use of the adjective "passive" in the description of this group of men reinforces the association of homos...

• Word Count: 2296
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... habits at a younger age. Therefore, it makes more sense to me to conduct an experiment among high school girls. The study was conducted in the winter of 1992 by two women; Diane E. Taub and Elaine M. Blinde, and published in Vol.27 Issue 108 of the journal Adolescence. The location of the study was the medium-sized Midwestern city of Carbondale, Illinois ... percent of the non-athletes. Of the samples fifteen percent were freshmen, thirty-six percent were sophomores, twenty-seven percent were juniors, and twenty-two percent were seniors. Chi-square analysis (a statistical test most ofte...

• Word Count: 1037
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... such as how to save money shopping, or the latest miracle diet and less emphasis on world events or politics. This softening of news and analysis is a worldwide trend. It is fortunate that at least we still have the ABC. One of the shock decisions blamed on commercial realities in ... or good looking, or preferably both! Men are usually in the former category and are able to continue with on-screen roles longer than women who have traditionally been put out to television pasture before wrinkles set in. Sometimes the two categories collide such as with the move to ... teams that need loc...

• Word Count: 2588
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... lacrosse team at St. John's. It seems to be our most privileged athletes - the ones, by the way, most sought after by women - who are often involved in gang rape. This could be because these schools get more press then the smaller schools and that the ... room. The main topics in the locker were was sex and aggression. Talks often focused on sex and aggression and expressed sexist attitudes toward women, who were viewed in depersonalized and insensitive terms as objects to by used for man's pleasure. male athletes may become more inclined to engage in sexual ... aggression against women...

• Word Count: 1162
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Olympic Committee. 1989 became the year of the steroid with an explosion of interest and coverage with stories from all sports and society. Interest included debate of other stars, including women such as Florence Griffith Joyner, and whether they used steroids. In Canada, a government investigation commonly named after its chairman as the "Dubin Inquiry- was launched. Johnson's coach Charlie Francis admitted ... listed by the botanical name and not obvious to the athlete that they are prohibited. The information is heavily biased, and violates well-established medical and ethical requi...

• Word Count: 1522
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the aggression is directed and what form it takes on. Road Rage is the common violence and aggression many North Americans experience when behind the wheel of an automobile. The analysis of road rage and what causes it, as examined in this report as an example, is drawn from the research of Brian Parkinson . Parkinson's research provides an example of anger ... the major causes of aggression and anger in humans, which can be applied to virtually all instances where aggressive behaviour is present. The presence of aggression in sports is a powerful force of motivation and action to many ...

• Word Count: 1323
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... equal rights, this is supposed to mean that there should not be a separation of sexes. At Freedom High School cheerleading is only preformed by girls. I feel that this discrimination towards women and long-standing outlook that women cannot play sports is a large reason why we"re still considered to be a club here at Freedom. If these antique views are continued ... , women will no longer be treated the way we are now, but old patterns will reset and females will only be good for reproduction and cooking. Mia Hamm, Venus Williams, and ... Society, and cheerleading! This does not fit, h...

• Word Count: 1007
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... given were the only indicator of female's participation in sports it would appear as if Title IX had never even happened. "Both broadcast and print media have essentially disregarded women's athletics devoting less than ten percent of sports coverage to female athletes" (Stader). Even when female athletes are covered by the media their abilities and accomplishments are often ... media, local community and in some cases themselves. The news media often separates female athletes into categories based on whether they play masculine or feminine sports. Although more girls and women play tra...

• Word Count: 2215
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and athletics became a leading problem. Title IX did not just happen over-night, it took a lot of hard work from many men and women to make this amendment happen. Before it came to life there were many barriers keeping females from fully participating in activities, unlike education, sports especially ... has been around for quite some time, the first time it was seen in sports was in the mid-1920s, when "a group of women physical educators destroyed girl's chances to participate in competitive sports, the only real chance to compete was the occasional 'Play Days' with neighboring ...

• Word Count: 2009
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the only environment where humans are involved in competition. There are high levels of competition to be accepted in to university and graduate studies as well as in the work force for jobs. A child's failure in competition helps them learn to win gracefully and lose with dignity and honor. It teaches children that through perseverance and determination they can win the ... , and it leads them to better understand how their personal decisions affects the world around them. Cooperation and teamwork are skills learned through sport that are needed in the work force, at home and at school....

• Word Count: 1899
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... secondary, than their more sedentary peers (583, 587). Amenorrhea is defined as "the absence of at least three to six consecutive menstrual cycles in women who have already begun menstruating" (Walsh 578). Osteoporosis is the third disease of the Female Athlete Triad. "Half of all amenorrheic athletes have bone ... and amenorrhea may occur in 3% to 66% of athletes" (Walsh 587). Though research currently in progress suggests otherwise, eating disorders amongst African-American women and other non-Whites in the United States are at much less risk. Current research is starting to prove th...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... theory to work and bring about a change in attitude a coach must ensure the three elements from the Triandic model are all consistent with one another. Woods (1998) uses the established analysis of attitudes as incorporating three parts. A PE teacher conducting a netball lesson may feel males shouldn't play netball and therefore have their own attitudes within the triadic model: Ideas or cognitions ... ...

• Word Count: 2707
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... sandlot to an elaborate web of interests and induces economic rewards to athletes, coaches, team owners, media companies, and others (Irwin, Zwich, and Sutton 1999). Sports are subject to legal analysis from a business perspective because of the economic role and structure that the sports industry has gained. The regulation of sports is difficult, however because of the basic nature of the ... ...

• Word Count: 2213
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... - teams and coaches have been compensated accordingly. In fact, according to Sue M. Durrant, until recently it was not unusual for women's teams to use "hand-me-down- gear while men's teams played with new "state of the art- equipment or for women's teams to travel by bus while men's teams traveled by plane (60). Another problem is that college athletes at all ... scholarships. Despite their problems, colleges should retain athletic scholarships - with certain changes. Academic support programs should be reformed so that they are fair to all student athletes "men and women, tennis player...

• Word Count: 997
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in sports because of their negative effects, their creation of unfair advantages for the users, and their distorted message to young athletes. The use of steroids affects both men and women in a very negative way physically, psychologically, and emotionally .Steroids come with serious physical side effects; men may develop liver cancer, baldness, shrunken testicles, infertility, and impotence while ... women may develop a deeper voice, increased body hair, baldness and infrequent or absent periods (mayoclinic.com). The use of steroids may also cause aggressiveness, violence, and increas...

• Word Count: 642
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... about real world issues. The dinner scene between the two football players and their wives exaggerates the mens" inability to hold an intelligent conversation, and also about their choice of women, who care about nothing else but the men's looks and their own beauty, how well their men can behave themselves, and how the ... women hate football. Also there was the false judgement about football players that they become fat, ugly, unhealthy, and out of shape when they get older. This is displayed by the ... ...

• Word Count: 260
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ordinary individuals. Not since shaggy haired, indie rockers rushed to their local thrift shops for ironic ringer tees and mesh hats has the retro fashion hit the streets with such a force, and it is selling in every big city. The rise of these urban youth consumers in the market, formerly dominated by middle-aged, Caucasian sports collectors, signifies a remarkable demographic shift ... ...

• Word Count: 906
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... up in a society that has placed the value of the dollar ahead of social development and are not prepared to turn down such offers. Many of these young men and women are becoming millionaires, literally, overnight; signing contracts and hiring agents and managing expense accounts that the average citizen won't see in a lifetime. Their overnight successes are eradicating generations of poverty ... ...

• Word Count: 1304
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate