... , contaminating river ecosystems, destroying wildlife, damaging private property, and adversely affecting businesses in the area. Over the next three days following the spill, nearly 200 people contributed in the clean-up efforts, including (AOI) employees; the Coast Guard, Gulf Coast emergency strike force, O.H. Materials Co. of Ohio, a professional ... the API 650. The hydrostatic testing is a process that required new tanks to be filled with water in order to settle their foundations and test their welds for strength. The process that Ashland Oil used was part of the API 650 Standard,...

• Word Count: 4885
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abortion has been a controversial subject for many decades. Since the number of people who accept abortion as a normal procedure is about equal to the number those who think of abortion as a crime, there have been a lot of steps taken against abortion, and many ... is to be determined in relation to the favorable or unfavorable consequences that emerge from that action. The principle of rule-utilitarianism is a test only for the morality of moral rules, such as "stealing is wrong" and not a test for particular actions. Adopting a rule against theft clearly has more favorable consequences tha...

• Word Count: 1548
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that in cases benefiting mankind, animal experimentation is condonable. Animal activists find that experimentation can be more a problem then a benefactor. They feel that it only delays time till testing on people can begin. Animal experimentation can have mixed results because of the differences in the human and non-human physiology. This makes testing results unreliable in predicting a substance's reaction on a person ... the safety evaluations the Food and Drug Administration make marketers perform before releasing a new product, the number of animals being tested is rising dramatica...

• Word Count: 1740
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a company that changed the lives and attitudes of the entire country. Because ethics is something that is viewed differently from person to person, many people argue whether a decision is honest and just. Thankfully, there are instructional models for making ethical judgments, such as Gerald F. Cavanagh's "Basic ... negative effect is that the elderly woman needlessly was caused pain, falling under the rights criterion. Therefore, one must perform the "double effect test" by going through three conditions. The first condition is that "one does not directly intend the bad effect." The med...

• Word Count: 1771
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is widely accepted that the fact of abortion has been a subject of conversation and controversy for many decades. Since the proportion of people who accept abortion as a "normal" procedure is equal to the proportion of those who think of abortion as a ""crime"", through time a lot of measurements have been taken against abortion but ... is to be determined in relation to the favorable or unfavorable consequences that emerge from that action. The principle of rule-utilitarianism is a test only for the morality of moral rules, such as "stealing is wrong" and not a test for particular action...

• Word Count: 1820
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is not considered morally right as it fails the moral framework in two ways. Firstly, it fails the categorical imperative's first maxim; the universality test. Kant believed that killing a person was wrong in every circumstance, thus it would not be okay if everyone did it, all the time ( ... would have to agree that the termination of their own birth would have also been permissible. This concept is validated since the majority of people disagree to this notion (Gensler, 1986). In some instances abortion also fails the second maxim according to the categorical imperative. The second max...

• Word Count: 1600
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of women as it is a work that allows creative expression of sexuality which are thoroughly enjoyed by many women. Prostitution can also allow people living in today's society for exploration of sexual desires in ways which currently they cannot because of social norms of heterosexuality and monogamous relationships ... be exploitative in nature. Sex traders usually work under the supervision of a "pimp or madam" who are usually considered to be the people who arrange for clients for the prostitutes. A madam is a person who usually is a former prostitute herself and manages a large chain ...

• Word Count: 1655
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... adapting other's opinions. We only acquire our virtues through training, experience, and practice. For example, when we are young, our elders teach us the expectations for how to treat other people, with strict do's and don'ts, just as one would learn when they begin learning to play an instrument. As we grow up, we begin to grasp a firm understanding of ... theory, is the virtue that links all the others together. Although the idea of the "good life" may sound like a life of pleasure, Aristotle, with his three-part test argues that pleasure-and other things of the like-without virtue i...

• Word Count: 1642
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... focus on the child and those first few years as well as his emphasis on the father, does not explain many religious experiences, for it is certain that not all people experience religion the same way. There is no fear of god in the Buddhism, but a necessity for inner peace. Freud dismisses religion simply because some of the characteristics that are ... God, a dismissal that is an unfair and unwarranted assessment. James however, did provide for different religions and different experiences, which allows for a better argument and one that better stands the test of time. James believed t...

• Word Count: 1580
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... man slightly penetrates the inhibitions of appearance when he says, "there is something in your words which persuades me that you are sincere" (130). Although even he falters the evil test of true equipollence when he utters, "I am blind and cannot judge of your countenance" If the blind man only knew the error of his words, the creature may have found ... and older victims are left to fend for themselves and most human beings go on pretending the confidant and assertiveness that come with knowledge and modern civilization rule society. Meanwhile, people of all ages, sexes, and races co...

• Word Count: 1633
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , Russia during the 1860's. Raskolnikov devises an absurd theory that extraordinary men or superior individuals are above the law and excused from obeying the law. Contemplating whether or not to test his theory, Raskolnikov decides that Alyona Ivanovna, a wealthy, greedy pawnbroker, deserves to die solely because she takes advantage of the poor by cheating them out of their money, and he ... spiritual love of God, Doestoevsky theorizes. Dostoevsky is able to create complex, well-developed characters by examining the aspects and qualities of a character that coincide with the human psych...

• Word Count: 1662
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... goal: freedom of the individual". John Stuart Mill also came to the conclusion in his essay On Liberty that individualism is essential to ones own personal growth because it allows people to identify their weaknesses and potential strengths. Therefore, one could conclude that revolting against their parents is a measure that teenagers have to take in order to grow up and become ... common action, thusly making an individual part of a group and fulfilling the human need for belonging. Stanley Millgram's research also supports the idea of peer pressure influencing disobedience. In his tes...

• Word Count: 1145
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... standards have been breached in the name of scientific knowledge. In the name of research of behavioral sciences, human participants have been subjected to electric shocks, they failed in easy test or embarrassed somehow. Studies like Watson and Rayner (1920) experiment with little Albert, Stanford prison experiment with students (Zimbardo & Cross, 1971) and many more that can be quoted, has ... obligates researchers to exhibit honesty in all aspect of research Justice Researchers should obtain from all types of biases and maintain fairness in all steps of research process. Respect for...

• Word Count: 1656
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... major differences between the families or guardians of Victor and the monster are easy to spot. Victor grew up in a family which overflowed with love, and had the companionship of people such as Elizabeth who understood his every emotion and was always there to support him. Not only did Victor have his family for love and support, he was also given ... two other things: a passed down knowledge of what is right and wrong, and the opportunity to test his limits and challenge himself, to enjoy life, which he did. The monster also had a family, a creator, but why would this be different? Vi...

• Word Count: 294
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... able to have a better quality of life due to scientific advancements that are made possible by animal research. Animal research creates controversy between people who agree with animal research and the people who believe research with animals is cruelty. These opponents include animal- rights extremists and vivisectionist groups who believe that animal experimentation is cruel and unnecessary, irrespective of its purpose and ... but to animals as well. Due to testing of vaccines or antibiotics many animals were treated and cured of their diseases. For example if animals were not given v...

• Word Count: 587
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... across the monkey bars, then would I consider relinquishing the jewelry? At this point I reminded them that gifts from relatives were very important to people, and that my grandmother would be hurt if she knew that I sometimes gave away the presents that she had given to me. I asked ... done thing in any other family. Moral principles, on the other hand, are acquired because children perceive that certain actions have consequences for other people that are intrinsically harmful: witnessing a younger child being hit is sufficient to show that such an act, in whatever social context, is un...

• Word Count: 6491
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... develops from man's singular view, is not a beneficial or well supported action. Kant emphasizes the inspirational value of the individual. Kant argues that people should never be treated as means, only as ends. Individual freedom is the central value in Kantian ethics, and in Western society. Freedom is ... supported by Utilitarian arguments. If the terrorist perceived their action as a necessary means by which the greatest good for the greatest number of people could be attained, than it is possible to argue that the terrorist acts are justifiable through the perspective of the terrori...

• Word Count: 1660
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... has been undertaken using the human embryo as a test subject a number of issues have been raised which cause controversy and divide opinion. It is an issue which is more important in society today than ever before as medical advances cause implications for many people. Just how far embryo research could ever be ... question often raised to examine the morality of embryo research is the issue of when a human becomes a human - when does life really begin? Most people agree that no testing should take place if the embryo is older than fourteen days, before this the fertilised egg is known as...

• Word Count: 870
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... dictatorship. Plato then proposed an educational system in order to prevent a dictatorship by educating the guardians so that they will be gentle towards their own people, yet fierce towards their enemies. Plato believes strongly in the censorship of literature. He is concerned more with content rather than the form of literature. ... . He feels that imitation will make a person become like the person they are imitating, and this is fine if it is the imitation of good people, but not when a person is imitating a bad person. He believes that imitative writing such as theatrical works of t...

• Word Count: 1391
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... beings, should lead a life free from suffering (Wilson, 2004). This demonstrates an overwhelming support for the fair treatment of animals. Most people do not like to see animals suffer and this can be attributed to sympathy and human tendency of compassion (Wilson, 2004). Compassion is ... Furthermore, opponents of animal rights justify the harmful treatment of animals by citing the differences in species between the two. In this manner, people are commonly guilty of speciesism. Speciesism has been referred to as a human behavior, in which individuals hurt other animals because they a...

• Word Count: 1864
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... How do we answer the question of moral justification? Philosophers have pondered this question over the ages, and only a few systems have stood the test of time as being viable methods of discerning moral and legal issues. Utilitarianism and duty theory are the main systems that are most often applied ... moral action. It attempts to answer the question of what act will produce the greatest amount of good or happiness for the greatest amount of people. An act is considered morally justified when it produces a greater amount of happiness than unhappiness. It is easy to see how this system...

• Word Count: 1249
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... derived from mastering a task or problem but by qualities that reveal attentiveness to, and consideration for the feelings, needs, and rights of other people. Character has an internal driver, reflected in the desire to be fair to others, in actions that show kindness, tact, service to the ... community, sometimes to the point of sacrifice. This is what many people understand as the scope and tasks of moral education. Dewey allows that in order to transition from what we have called the morality of ... be done by providing models of behavior, finding and celebrating them in history, a...

• Word Count: 1928
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Pride and Prejudice, observing the use of manners and the significance attached to its literary convention. As we follow our young narrator, Catherine Morland, through the social rituals which ultimately test the quality of her polite performance, we are able to witness Northanger Abbey's obvious interest in conveying the connection between proper manners and a healthy society. Catherine's greatest concern has ... due to others' (p89), but with her ability to read the manners of others. Throughout the novel, we are able to observe Catherine's failure to correctly judge people. She tends t...

• Word Count: 1637
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the moral and social issues that have been fought over in recent years. For decades, the value of animal research has been grossly overrated. Although researchers have depended on animal test data to achieve medical advances, there should be other means of research because testing on animals is cruel and inhumane and often unnecessary. The American Medical Association believes that research ... involving animals is absolutely essential to maintaining and improving the health of the American people. They point out, that virtually every advance in medical science in the 20th century, from...

• Word Count: 460
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... curiosity regarding the morals of murder. Ultima also tries to teach Antonio a larger moral lesson regarding salvation and damnation. Her suggestion that people must make independent moral decisions but should not make decisions regarding salvation and damnation introduces into the novel the idea that morality is ... make sense of Lupito's death within a Catholic outline. Ultima does not tell him what to think; rather, she tells him how people like his father and Narciso make moral decisions. Her approach gives Antonio the freedom to apply his understanding to his own decisions. Ultima'...

• Word Count: 3136
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate