... that enabled them to sail twenty thousand miles from Lisbon to Timor and back again, and therefore they were quite capable of sailing the extra 285 miles to the Australian coast." It has also been suggested that since the Portuguese discovered Timor, an island "but a step to the northern part of New Holland" that made it inevitable that the Portuguese would ... is then that it can be seen to "significantly resemble the real shape of Australia." McIntyre explains that "they had no instrumental means of establishing longitude. As a result the east-west distances on all 16th Century maps a...

• Word Count: 1911
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and organic humus are important. VEGETATION. Vegetation patterns are responsive to the interaction of temperature (latitudinal and altitudinal gradients) and precipitation (more complex, often longitudinal gradients because of the east-west tendency of the winds, as well as well-defined latitudinal ones) patterns. The degree of seasonality also has a major effect. The earth's surface is forested with trees except where ... the chevrotain group, secretive forest understory dwellers that are unlikely to disperse across any nonforest barrier, is represented in both continents. The existing g...

• Word Count: 12375
• Approx Pages: 50
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Australia's main urban centres. These estimates were developed for the National Bandwidth Inquiry and are regarded as conservative. Seven international fibre optic cable networks link Sydney via the east and west coast of Australia to the US, Europe and Asia. Sydney, a major Internet-Exchange Point and telecommunications hub, is serviced by deep sea underwater cables that link to a domestic network of high ... -speed metro and Intra-city fibre cables. The Southern Cross cable, which became operational in November 2000, has two landing points in Sydney linking Australia with the west coas...

• Word Count: 511
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Indonesian archipelago, fishing for (trepang) began voyages to Arnhem Land. It is thought that the fishermen of Makassar had been visiting the north coast of Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland from as early as the 16th century. Aboriginal cave paintings also illustrate the traditional Makassan sailing boats ... first contact it is ironic that the islands, and the Islanders are named after Torres. Earlier in 1606, the Dutchman Jan explored the west before sailing into the Gulf of Carpentaria. Dutch contact with the Islanders was almost non existence accept for some isolat...

• Word Count: 679
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... from the United States by seizing the southern Solomon Islands, the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, and Port Moresby on the southern coast of the Australian Territory of Papua. The first Japanese targets would be Port Moresby and the island of Tulagi in the British Solomon Islands. ... begun. The Japanese then began to develop Rabaul into a major base for further military operations against Australia and the United States in the South-West Pacific area. With the advantage of this foothold on Australian territory, the first Japanese air raid on Port Moresby in the Australian Terr...

• Word Count: 1961
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ranges from 25-50 percent. The death toll from battles with the European colonists is approximately ten percent. While Europeans poured into North and South America, the Indians were driven west, displaced and forced from their native lands onto unfamiliar and inhospitable lands. In recent history, the Indians are gaining rights and new land owed to them by the government, but ... U.S.A. have lost their traditional lifestyles to the Christian, industrial attitude of the settlers. In Australia, Aborigines were simply dislocated, enslaved, or put in missionary schools. Most aboriginals al...

• Word Count: 2682
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... came in the Battle for the Kokoda trail, in which a seriously outnumbered Australian force took on the advancing Japanese forces from the north coast on their quest for taking over Port Moresby. The Australians advanced from the south coast and succeeded in stopping their advance and eventually driving them back and off the island of Papua New Guinea. This was the first ... ...

• Word Count: 1983
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... microwaves or infrasound may be the only method capable of producing such an effect. So what is this 'unknown force' that creates genuine crop circles? One answer may lie with sound. There are a number of accounts of a trilling sound heard by people prior to witnessing crop circles forming. The reports describe a sudden stillness in the air, the morning birdsong superseded by a trilling ... . Subsequent analysis at Sussex University and NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab concluded the noise was mechanical in nature and beating at a frequency of 5.0-5.2 kHz. Interestingly, the Aborigines relate to ...

• Word Count: 1156
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... has become more divided. There have been disagreements in the Church since the time of Jesus and continual divisions from then. The East-West division and the English reformation were large contributors to the emergence of Sectarianism. The East-West division resulted in the Eastern Churches becoming Orthodox (1054). The English reformation saw Protestantism and Anglicanism undergoing further splits and the shaping ... ...

• Word Count: 953
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... including Afghanistan, Iran, and Sri Lanka, are crowding onto unsafe ships, resulting in several dangerous sea voyages and emergencies. A wooden fishing boat headed for Christmas Island sunk just off the coast of Indonesia with about 150 refugees on board. To date, only 55 people have been rescued from the water (McGuirk). The Labor Party government of Australia announced that they would ... ...

• Word Count: 521
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "Aussie Battler" could be appropriately applied. Although distance from England to Australia was a problem initially, so was distance within the colony. The distance between the different settlements along the Eastern coast of Australia was considered by many to be a hardship. But just because something is hard does not mean it is a tyranny which is what both Bradley and Blainey are suggesting ... ...

• Word Count: 1049
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... lead to a collapse of their society as seen the aboriginal culture of Australia (Hall, 1995:240-242). Secondly, the Increases in crime and prostitution in such centers as the gold coast and Cairns have also been associated with the increase in tourism (Hall, 1995:236). Lastly, the harmful effects can be termed as follows flora and fauna, water, air, soil and ... ...

• Word Count: 984
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... exploitation has become a major problem which was originally dismissed by these Trans National Corporations when administering the changes in advertisement and locating their production lines in countries with low manufacturing coast to benefit their companies. Globalisation can be a very productive thing when it introduces beneficial technology and products into under developed countries, but this can wreck havoc with the traditional culture ... ...

• Word Count: 687
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... lead to a collapse of their society as seen the aboriginal culture of Australia (Hall, 1995:240-242). Secondly, the Increases in crime and prostitution in such centers as the gold coast and Cairns have also been associated with the increase in tourism (Hall, 1995:236). Lastly, the harmful effects can be termed as follows flora and fauna, water, air, soil and ... ...

• Word Count: 1102
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ) served in units of Torres Strait Force. The units were raised to defend the Torres Strait - to enable the use of the vital strait as a shipping route from the East Coast to Darwin. These men were only paid 1/3 the rate of their non-Indigenous mates, and this underpayment was illegal. Fifty tribal Yolgnu men from East Arnhem Land served in the ... ...

• Word Count: 3196
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "Aussie Battler" could be appropriately applied. Although distance from England to Australia was a problem initially, so was distance within the colony. The distance between the different settlements along the Eastern coast of Australia was considered by many to be a hardship. But just because something is hard does not mean it is a tyranny which is what both Bradley and Blainey are suggesting ... ...

• Word Count: 1047
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Stretching over 2000km along Australia's north-east tropical coast lies the largest structure ever to be built by marine organisms, the Great Barrier Reef. As the eighth wonder to the world, the Great Barrier Reef attracts over 2 million tourists ... ...

• Word Count: 1526
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at an average annual rate of 16 per cent. Last financial year total trade in goods and services between our two countries reached more than $19 billion. The massive north west shelf liquid natural gas project is estimated to be worth up to $25 billion to Australia over the next 25 years, and there should be many more such projects in ... is a huge source of revenue for Australian business and has helped break down cultural barriers. THE FUTURE As a nation we are historically steeped in the culture and traditions of the West, but geographically we are part of the Asia-Pacific. Though we ...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... take cars instead of using their legs. A reason for this is that we, as a nation, have become more urbanised, with 90% of our population living within one hour of the coast. This trend reveals our ever increasing imitation of America and our continual move away from traditional Australian values in a bid to keep up with our powerful friends. Our "bushman" identity ... ...

• Word Count: 1201
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... leases being granted. In the 150-page judgement it was decided that "communal native title" had never formed part of Australian law. In 1985, the Queensland government had passed the Coast Islands Declaratory Act, which stated that the islands in the Torres Strait, where Murray Island is situated, were a part of Queensland. However, Mabo acknowledged that the Crown became the absolute ... ...

• Word Count: 2831
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... rhetoric of the policy appears on paper, the reality is that students from a culturally and linguistically diverse background continue to experience disadvantage. Cementing or challenging inequality? While the policy is sound and is being driven by quantative studies which demonstrate the need for culturally inclusive education, the reality is that that schools are not always implementing this policy in a way which ... ...

• Word Count: 2978
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Centre for tours and 'question & answer' sessions. This would allow the team members to ask questions such as 'why was this policy implemented', or 'that policy might sound good in theory but in practice it isn't practical'. It will also allow management an opportunity to hear first-hand what really is happening in the stores, and not just ... ...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... population declined by about 60% in just 15 years between 1835 and 1850 as more than 68 individual 'massacres' were perpetrated in that period. According to representative of the North West Clans of Victoria, Mr. Gary Murray, of the 38 clans that lived in Victoria B.C. (Before Cook) only 24 today have living descendants. By 1850 virtually all active resistance to the ... ...

• Word Count: 2923
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... reported by Denison the National President of Australian Accounting Research Foundation (online) supports that adopting the Balance Sheet method of tax effect accounting rather than Profit and Loss approach seems sound in principle and more consistent with the notion of reflecting the future tax circumstances of an entity states Due to the change, there will be a challenge for prepares of financial ... ...

• Word Count: 2621
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... well as show a significant amount of settlement funds in order to qualify (Abrams, 2). It costs approximately $550 each for the applicant, spouse and dependent in immigration fees. The fees may sound fair from the standpoint of a rich person or someone coming from a country with a good economy and currency value, but the total may be a large amount for some people to handle ... ...

• Word Count: 1507
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate