... it might be possible to develop machines that had more and more human characteristics. Krol writes that people's belief that machines could be as intelligent as humans became stronger after Alan Turing, a British mathematician, wrote the first computer program for chess in 1947, and declared that machines would compete with humans in all purely intellectual fields including chess (36). Turing ... called not intelligent. According to the article, "Artificial Intelligence" written by Vincent Kiernan, the famous test to check machine's intelligence was developed by the British Computer Sc...

• Word Count: 2656
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... pursuit of alternative concepts was a more appropriate role of Research. IBM assembled an impressive number of scientists and let them loose to pursue their scientific investigations. In mathematics, they included Alan Hoffman, a leader in Operations Research, Benoit Mandelbrot, the inventor of fractals, and Ralph Gomory, the founder of Integer Programming who went on to become Director of the Math Department and ... then IBM Vice President and Director of research, and leave an indelible legacy on the Division. In Physics, they included Alan Fowler who pursued investigations that led t...

• Word Count: 2883
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , at root, computers ourselves" (72). Haugeland feels artificial intelligence, at times, can be smarter the human brain. To support his statement he uses the Turing's Test, which was proposed by Alan Turing. Turing was a brilliant man disturbed by "fruitless disputes" concerning word meanings. Turing's test was based on a game called the "imitation game," played by three mutual strangers. Two are "witnesses ... ...

• Word Count: 711
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "microprocessor" courses. That same year the Microsoft and Apple Corporations were founded. The 80's. The 91980's brought about huge social, technical, and physical changes to the computing frontline. In 1980, Alan Shugart (having left IBM) developed and introduced the Winchester hard drive, revolutionizing the storage capabilities of personal computers. "No longer would personal computers be limited to tiny internal memories and ... ...

• Word Count: 2388
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... observable" (McCarthy 2003. Sv "Basic questions"). The emphasis of Artificial Intelligence concerns itself with mapping 'intelligence', in a computed environment in terms of studying the problems the world presents. Founded by Alan Turing in 1947, research into the programming of computers became a primary concern, rather than the building of computers - which lead to the first novel ideas concerning 'robotic' beings (McCarthy 2003 ... ...

• Word Count: 3117
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... toward these tools was replaced with openly critical and often distrustful regard. In addition to the vital and still continuing exploration of video as an artmaking tool, artists such as Alan Rath, Jenny Holzer, Simon Penny, and many others would make groundbreaking works using specialized, cutting-edge digital hardware. Much of this new work delivered openly following content which self-reflexively ... ...

• Word Count: 714
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate