... sparking debate, especially with Stalin, the necessity of it, and Lenin's control over the party, allowed for a decisive victory and in turn shaped Russian history, where leadership conflict played a very small role. Moreover, Lenin's early popular communist measures were changed which in turn was accepted by the party including the removal of worker rights, and the re-institution of conscription ... and army hierarchy. Furthermore, Lenin introduced a ban on factionalism allowing for a more unified country, and hence, leadership and conflict played a minor role, whilst Lenin's leadershi...

• Word Count: 1204
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... this question to refer to the problematic subjectivity of the modern man, as being inevitably affected by the great influence and omnipresence of ideology. This extract, which is taken from chapter eight of George Orwell's Animal Farm, revolves around this issue. At this point of the narrative, The animals appear to be totally submissive to and even grateful ... the newly developed tyrannical rule of Napoleon. This clear discrepancy between reality and the attitude of animals suggests that the latter have evolved into self-controlled beings that have opted for self-discipline as a survi...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... from 1949-1990 with a critical focus on the aspect of hostility to foreigners. It contains several chapters on anti-foreignism and devotes an extra chapter to the GDR. Its major value lies in giving new perspectives on anti-foreignism in Germany, a situation which was often unexamined and overlooked, and reflect of not yet evaluated primary source material. This is supported by the biography ... . To hide the weaknesses of their own regime from the public, they used workers only from other socialistic states to represent this as acts of solidarity towards less distinct states. For the Vi...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... though this book is a collection of lectures where there is obvious subjectivity, Kennan successfully displays an objective view on the topics he discusses in the lecture. Kennan's lecture gives the reader a panoramic view and solid background of American thinking about themselves and the rest of the world ... ability to look at the situation from every perspective, not just the American perspective. I believe Kennan attempting to be as unbiased as possible in this lecture allows him to give anyone reading the book a good chance to develop their own argument, which is a good quality beca...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... teenage years. Archie Brown notes that "Gorbachev has the political will to make significant innovations in both Soviet domestic and foreign policy"1, and German biographer Christian Shmidt-Hauer states that "the new leader is ambitious for power- not power for its own sake, but power to improve his own society"2.3 Anyhow, his personal attractive qualities and his ... violent internal upheaval?6 According to a study performed by David Kotz and Fred Weir, the party-state elite, or in other words the people who hold the governmental power have contributed the most for the collapse of the...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... man; this is what amounts to be a literary work of vast intellectual worth, rather than archetypical storyline. Camus defines the Rebel one who "undoubtedly demands a certain degree of freedom for himself; but in no case, if he is consistent, does he demand the right to destroy the existence and the freedom of others. He humiliates no one. The freedom he claims, he ... the relation between mastery and servitude." Such profound words of wisdom manifest themselves not only in intellectual thought, but also by means of historical logic and rational reflection upon Man's journey as the Rebe...

• Word Count: 945
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , and beginning the "Black Years" of refreshed repression and anti-Semitism. Although Stalin's drastic doctrinal oscillations were completely out of character for the immovable dictator, the changes in Jewish administration were not the only exceptions in his etiology that Stalin made from WWII to his death. The effects of Stalin's inconstancies were inevitably destructive to his legitimacy and authority ... extremely paranoid temperament; he housed "a fear so absolute and omnipresent that one can safely claim that it governed his waking and sleeping hours." Terrified of in-party oppositi...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , and beginning the "Black Years" of refreshed repression and anti-Semitism. Although Stalin's drastic doctrinal oscillations were completely out of character for the immovable dictator, the changes in Jewish administration were not the only exceptions in his etiology that Stalin made from WWII to his death. The effects of Stalin's inconstancies were inevitably destructive to his legitimacy and authority ... extremely paranoid temperament; he housed "a fear so absolute and omnipresent that one can safely claim that it governed his waking and sleeping hours." Terrified of in-party oppositi...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... party at the helm of the Russian government. The Provisional Government's transitory presence is littered with examples of exceedingly apparent ineptitude in making way for change and an adherence to prior Imperial policies despite the abdication of Nicolas II in March of 1917. Seven months after the Provisional Government's formation, the Bolsheviks took command of Petrograd and disbanded the Provisional ... the Russian people, especially the soldiers and factory workers, whom the Bolsheviks empowered in unity. "Extensive popular support for the Bolsheviks and Soviet power, especially i...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... term gender, there are not generally referring to biological differences between men and women, but to set of culturally defined sex characteristics associated with masculinity and femininity. Masculinity, first, stands for societies in which men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life. The opposite ... pole, femininity stands for societies in which both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life. The western understanding of gender is b...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... communist pressure or turn to communism as it offered a solution to their problems, the Truman Doctrine was introduced to offer help. It is important in causing the Cold War as it set the framework and foundation for the subsequent American policies as part of the containment policy to contain Soviet expansionism. However, other factors stemming from American intentions prior to the Truman ... distrust between the superpowers. The US had been the one which started carving out economic spheres in Europe, and this can be seen through their dollar diplomacy. In early 1946, the US imposed c...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... between communism and environmentalism by considering the Communist Manifesto and its close relation to environmentalist ideal. Cuba, our closest and predominant "communist threat,"" will later be reviewed in an environmental prospective, and the causes for its environmental development addressed. Karl Marx set forth the fundamental proposition, which forms the nucleus of the Communist Manifesto: that consequently the whole history of mankind ( ... incentive, to migrate to rural areas to begin their new lives as farmers. The provision of free education is what happened to save the Cuban ...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate