... taken power as an enlightened minority acting on behalf of a majority ignorant of its best interests. It was ideology, not a mandate, that legitimized the party." Stalin's brutal policy-enforcement and paranoid terrorism entailed tremendous suffering and loss of life; the interests of the individual were entirely sacrificed to those of the state in the advancement of the sacred task of the Socialist revolution. "Stalin inherited a system that resorted ... very heavy in human misery and created intolerable pressures, shortages, and great disorganization, but the country was transformed."...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... references of nominal present-day reference. Furthermore, it was evident that in his endeavor to achieve absolute objectivity in determining the pure facts of the Revolutionary themes of this work, Camus found the references of Pascal and Maistre to be of impartial quality as he apparently found solace in their rational analyses inquiring into several aspects of man, his nature, ... consists of fighting man himself, as well as ideological divisions that corrupt Man's utopian ideals). Nonetheless, The Rebel is not without its hindering facets of style. Problematic to the reader, Camus's ...

• Word Count: 945
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... for it, as time passed by debates aroused on the future; Bukharin wanting to continue the NEP and Trotsky wanting to remove it. Such differing ideologies, created different pathways for the party playing a vital role, in the shaping of Russian history, and despite the ban on factionalism party debates continued to separate the party. Whilst it was kept under control be Lenin, his death, created a power struggle, whereby its ... results ultimately shaped Russian history. Stalin, "the grey blur" Sukhanov, was able to remove his political opponents ... ...

• Word Count: 1204
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Government made it quite apparent to the Soviet soldiers that they would not be recalled from the Western Front, the soldiers began to seek information on another political group that could provide help "the Bolsheviks. In a letter to the Central Executive Committee of Soviets, the soldiers ask for more information on the Bolsheviks, since they no longer find the empty promises of the Provisional Government worth their support. In a direct letter ... to Kerensky, the soldiers state their intentions of ... ...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... assess the reasons why on-tract workers were sent to the German Democratic Republic and will be set by a time frame from 1980-1990. The investigation will primarily focus on the economic backgrounds of both states and then subsequently analyze the reasons that led to the agreement. Sources that are mainly used will be oral narratives and reports of former contract workers. The first source to be evaluated ... , Vietnam had a huge ''available'' labour reserve. Minor economic growth and the rising populations increase caused a constantly rising number of unemployment, so working abroad seem...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... and the involvement of the Greek communists made the US fear Soviet expansionism. Tito's control of Yugoslavia and the presence of Soviet occupation armies in the Balkan states increased this fear. The US perceived the Yugoslavian intervention under Tito to be directed by the USSR and hence equated it to be a form of Soviet aggression. The US saw the uprising of communism anywhere as Soviet expansionism which constituted aggression, hence putting the blame on ... USSR. Hence, this misperception on the US's part caused much misunderstanding and ... ...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the blame merely on the decisions of Gorbachev. Were the capitalists right by labeling the Soviet System as unviable and had predicted its collapse due to economic contradictions, or was it the strongly oppressed population, demanding freedom of speech and freedom of markets? As many questions as we raise, the fact that Gorbachev turned out to be at the right position, in the right time, changing the ... Gorbachev had, as a child originating from a peasant family, that distinguished him and helped him reach the top? Gorbachev seemed to have proven his loyalty towards the Marxist-Leninis...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... . The relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed in the farm rests upon the dichotomy of visibility of the animals and the invisibility of Napoleon, that is of the power of the latter and the powerlessness of the former. In the same vein, in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," (Notes Towards an Investigation, 1972) the French philosopher Louis Althusser uses a Marxist perspective to study the relationship, in the modern context, between the governed and the governor. The ... believing that they are acting out of their own volition. Althusser's theory can be ...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... taken power as an enlightened minority acting on behalf of a majority ignorant of its best interests. It was ideology, not a mandate, that legitimized the party." Stalin's brutal policy-enforcement and paranoid terrorism entailed tremendous suffering and loss of life; the interests of the individual were entirely sacrificed to those of the state in the advancement of the sacred task of the Socialist revolution. "Stalin inherited a system that resorted ... very heavy in human misery and created intolerable pressures, shortages, and great disorganization, but the country was transformed."...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... politics with an accurate glimpse of American ideology, misperception and thought in the first half of the twentieth century. Even though this book is a collection of lectures where there is obvious subjectivity, Kennan successfully displays an objective view on the topics he discusses in the lecture. Kennan's lecture gives the reader a panoramic view and solid background of American thinking about themselves and ... the rest of the world, with respect to events leading up to the conflict with the Soviets. As a result, Kennan gives a clearly articulated picture of his thoughts. ... Ame...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... rights are uncertain and qualified in relation to women because they are based on a male standard, focusing attention on individual instances of inequality rather than on the systemic socioeconomic structures that subordinate women. Therefore, women are meant to be invisible. But to the different view of democracy, femininity's perspective argues that democracy can not be explained solely in terms of civil and political right. Feminists claim that ... , for women reproductive control is fundamental to liberty, but the pressure to restrict the availability of abortion is also mounting in ...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... indiscriminately, regardless of political boundaries. This is perhaps the most problematic aspect of this issue, for the solution depends on the coordination and cooperation of all major governments, regardless of political differences. Again, a parallel between the proletariat and the environment can be seen in the manifesto when it says: "they [the struggles] point out and bring to the front the common interests of the entire proletariat, independent of all nationality."" This quote ... best addresses the problem of international cooperation, for if the problem of pollution has ... ...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate