... at colleges and technical colleges had been made between the two states, so that many young students from the SRV were sent to East Germany. In most cases, the state and the citizens of the GDR financed the stay and study of the foreigners through so-called solidarity funds with the goal of putting down a marker against the imperialistic Western States. Unlike ... , in the context of the historical investigation of the GDR the subject still is important because to understand foreign things one has to question the conditions and backgrounds of historical themes and most important, to look...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... we consider the factor that the collapse of the regime and the transition was accomplished in a fairly peaceful atmosphere, in the absence of external invasion or violent internal upheaval?6 According to a study performed by David Kotz and Fred Weir, the party-state elite, or in other words the people who hold the governmental power have contributed the most for the collapse of ... discrimination based on political and religious beliefs, plurality of socialist parties, providing a larger choice etc. In any case, adopted from the manifesto or not, Gorbachev's aim throughout the reforms w...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... 12 March 1947, marking the start of American Containment Policy. It provided economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey, which were in a state of devastation after World War II, and in fear that these weakened countries may succumb to communist pressure or turn to communism as it offered a solution to their problems, the Truman Doctrine was introduced to ... an important cause of the Cold War as it provided the framework for later American policies as part of the containment policy to contain Soviet expansionism. American intervention was called for when countries faced Soviet pressur...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... that have opted for self-discipline as a survival mechanism in the new political regime. The animals internalization of these attitudes, despite Napoleon's absence from public scenes, indicates their conforming to the image of prisoners in Foucault's panopticon. The Panopticon was a design for a prison produced by Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century which grouped cells around a central viewing ... of the former. In the same vein, in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," (Notes Towards an Investigation, 1972) the French philosopher Louis Althusser uses a Marxist...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... breaking down the party. Once Stalin was in control, part ideology and leadership all came under his leadership. Following the successful revolution, the first 6 months of power was to a small extent shaped by differing visions and leadership conflict, with Russia following one ideology, led by an undisputed Lenin whilst conflict arousing from the peace treaty. Since pre-revolution ... role. The civil war s a crucial time period for the Bolsheviks, where survival was key resulting in a committed single vision leading the Bolsheviks, whilst some of Trotsky's decisions led to debates, it w...

• Word Count: 1204
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Plague; most notable among their common literary characteristics, equally evident in The Rebel as well, is the conspicuously frequent inspection of Man's struggle against the Absurd. Nevertheless, due to Camus's nature as an existentialist philosopher as well as writer, the absence of such assessments would thus disqualify him from his particularly gripping sector of philosophy: Metaphysical inquiries and reflections ... upon Man's existentialist existence and experience. As for The Rebel's overall plot theme, it is remarkably the only of Camus's works to lack an actual literary theme t...

• Word Count: 945
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... topics he discusses in the lecture. Kennan's lecture gives the reader a panoramic view and solid background of American thinking about themselves and the rest of the world, with respect to events leading up to the conflict with the Soviets. As a result, Kennan gives a clearly articulated picture of his thoughts. Kennan explains his ideas in a manner which the average college level student could ... understand, but does it in a sophisticated manner, which is refreshing. Kennan compares American security ideas to the Roman Empire because Americans had a sense of security and superiority t...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Lenin's Bolshevik ("Majority" in Russian) party was formed in 1903 with the objective of a stagiest societal evolution of Europe and Russia in the gradual progression from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism, and to eventual communism. In the October Revolution of 1917, Lenin succeeded in establishing the Soviet Government, and after the 1920 Bolshevik victory in the Civil War, he gained his party ... and he gained support with impatient chauvinistic idealists, but Stalin's haste had devastating results. The collectivization of the farms was an integral element of ideal Socialism, but ...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Lenin's Bolshevik ("Majority" in Russian) party was formed in 1903 with the objective of a stagiest societal evolution of Europe and Russia in the gradual progression from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism, and to eventual communism. In the October Revolution of 1917, Lenin succeeded in establishing the Soviet Government, and after the 1920 Bolshevik victory in the Civil War, he gained his party ... and he gained support with impatient chauvinistic idealists, but Stalin's haste had devastating results. The collectivization of the farms was an integral element of ideal Socialism, but ...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Bolshevik party at the helm of the Russian government. The Provisional Government's transitory presence is littered with examples of exceedingly apparent ineptitude in making way for change and an adherence to prior Imperial policies despite the abdication of Nicolas II in March of 1917. Seven months after the Provisional Government's formation, the Bolsheviks took command of Petrograd and disbanded the ... Bolsheviks a large base of supporters in the large urban centers where the factories were clustered. The Bolsheviks incited civil war, after they seized the Petrograd Soviet, with thei...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the greatly different aspects between masculinity and femininity. At this point, it could be briefly said that these two genders steadily represent and argue about democracy in different dimensions. To begin with, masculinity's perspectives on democracy, widely held by the western and other developing countries, represent that liberal democracy is mainly constructed as a representative political process. In ... are based on a male standard, focusing attention on individual instances of inequality rather than on the systemic socioeconomic structures that subordinate women. Therefore, wom...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... for the National Program for Environment and Development, which is Cuba's version of Agenda 21, includes five chapters not covered in the Agenda that have been felt to be important to Cuba. These extra chapters are: Sustainable Energy Production, Protection of Tourist Resources, Protection of Mineral Resources, Protection of Workplace Environment, and Natural and Cultural Heritage. ... production, rather than an unavailable extensive growth, was the only possible solution that would bring both efficiency and increased production. These requirements were achieved thanks to the centralize...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate