... , where survival was she only goal. However, the NEP, led to debate within the party with the power struggle breaking down the party. Once Stalin was in control, part ideology and leadership all came under his leadership. Following the successful revolution, the first 6 months of power was to a small extent shaped by differing visions and leadership conflict, with Russia following ... generals sparking debate, especially with Stalin, the necessity of it, and Lenin's control over the party, allowed for a decisive victory and in turn shaped Russian history, where leadership conflict played...

• Word Count: 1204
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the USA and other western industrial countries, the fundamental reason that young students from socialist countries attended college in foreign socialist countries was the endeavour the be trained in highly qualified jobs for their home countries, which they strongly felt related to due to their Asian mentality. Another example of solidarity support between ... on themes that are rarely discussed - like the life of foreigners in the GDR-, and to deliver a more diverse view on the history of those years. The main limitation of this publication is that the documents concerning xenophobic ...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... gender, there are not generally referring to biological differences between men and women, but to set of culturally defined sex characteristics associated with masculinity and femininity. Masculinity, first, stands for societies in which men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life. The opposite ... pole, femininity stands for societies in which both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life. The western understanding of gender is based o...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

The Gorbachev era – a period of time, which has been the reason for many controversial theories, raised debatable questions and still, more than 25 years after this time has passed, the consequences of Gorbachev's ruling are still pending under consideration. Accurate answers have not been provided, and if there are – they are strongly subjective and opinion-based. What are the reasons ... history by crossing out the Communist Regime, still remains undeniable. Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev is a product of a system that does not encourage radical innovations or reforms, nor open-to-democrac...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... and oppressive state to protect the revolution from any attempt to restore the old regime of the bourgeoisie in Russia. Similarly to the animals in this extract, Russian people developed an ardent belief in the supremacy of Stalin and in their need for his leadership to protect what seemed to them as a favorable change in political power. Althusser insists, however, that, though unconsciously, subjects abide by the ... of their own subjugation by the political authority. Orwell uses irony to further illustrate the animals' submissiveness. This is manifested, for example, in the exaltat...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... man; this is what amounts to be a literary work of vast intellectual worth, rather than archetypical storyline. Camus defines the Rebel one who "undoubtedly demands a certain degree of freedom for himself; but in no case, if he is consistent, does he demand the right to destroy the existence and the freedom of others. He humiliates no one. The freedom he claims, he ... the relation between mastery and servitude." Such profound words of wisdom manifest themselves not only in intellectual thought, but also by means of historical logic and rational reflection upon Man's journey as the Rebe...

• Word Count: 945
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... it offered a solution to their problems, the Truman Doctrine was introduced to offer help. It is important in causing the Cold War as it set the framework and foundation for the subsequent American policies as part of the containment policy to contain Soviet expansionism. However, other factors stemming ... Soviet aggression refers to actions initiated or instigated by the Soviet Union which were deemed demanding; forcefully imposing demands on others. It was responsible for causing the start of the Cold War as the actions taken by the Soviet Union were offensive towards America, hence c...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... to force his opinion on anyone. " our national consciousness is dominated at present by a sense of insecurity greater even than that of many people of Western Europe who stand closer to, and a position far more vulnerable to, those things that are the main source of our concern. ... this book remains to be popular fifty years later. His attempts to urge Americans and American diplomats to be open minded can easily become a universal rule in diplomacy because it is clearly evident in our world today that narrow minded diplomatic thought and behavior gets people nowhere and only leads to ...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... all education and public health were free, and Cubans had taken advantage of this opportunity with a literacy of 96% and approximately one doctor for every 600 people. The government understanding that their greatest asset left was human resources, established many universities, vocational schools, and research centers so as to maximize ... areas to begin their new lives as farmers. The provision of free education is what happened to save the Cuban people in the end. As they were now responsible for their own food, and had much scientific as well as technical expertise, while also havin...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... collaborated with the United States and supported the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine. Soviet Jews raised great hope for future friendship and cooperation with the government . Suddenly, in 1948, Stalin changed his position again, dissolving the JAC, arresting prominent Jews, and beginning the "Black Years" of refreshed repression and anti-Semitism. Although Stalin's drastic doctrinal oscillations were ... extremely paranoid temperament; he housed "a fear so absolute and omnipresent that one can safely claim that it governed his waking and sleeping hours." Terrified of in-party o...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... collaborated with the United States and supported the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine. Soviet Jews raised great hope for future friendship and cooperation with the government . Suddenly, in 1948, Stalin changed his position again, dissolving the JAC, arresting prominent Jews, and beginning the "Black Years" of refreshed repression and anti-Semitism. Although Stalin's drastic doctrinal oscillations were ... extremely paranoid temperament; he housed "a fear so absolute and omnipresent that one can safely claim that it governed his waking and sleeping hours." Terrified of in-party o...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... months after the Provisional Government's formation, the Bolsheviks took command of Petrograd and disbanded the Provisional Government with the popular support of the Russian people, especially the soldiers and factory workers, whom the Bolsheviks empowered in unity. "Extensive popular support for the Bolsheviks and Soviet power, especially in the urban centers and the army, was a reality of 1917, without moral implications pro or con ... . The continuing economic crisis back home, augmented by the famine, urged people towards the radical left while the Provisional Government continued t...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate