... authority over the animals. The relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed in the farm rests upon the dichotomy of visibility of the animals and the invisibility of Napoleon, that is of the power of the latter and the powerlessness of the former. In the same vein, in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," (Notes Towards an Investigation, 1972) the French philosopher Louis Althusser uses a Marxist perspective to study the relationship, in the modern context, between the governed and the governor. The latter, for ... that stipulates his superiority and irrevocab...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... 's nature as an existentialist philosopher as well as writer, the absence of such assessments would thus disqualify him from his particularly gripping sector of philosophy: Metaphysical inquiries and reflections upon Man's existentialist existence and experience. As for The Rebel's overall plot theme, it is remarkably the only of Camus's works to lack an actual literary theme through and through. Rather, it is a quasi-philosophical work of great ... literary importance, as it transcends the prototypical story, into the story of man; this is what amounts to be ... ...

• Word Count: 945
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... colleges had been made between the two states, so that many young students from the SRV were sent to East Germany. In most cases, the state and the citizens of the GDR financed the stay and study of the foreigners through so-called solidarity funds with the goal of putting down a marker against the imperialistic Western States. Unlike the 'brain drain' common in the the USA and other western industrial countries, the fundamental reason that young students ... from socialist countries attended college in foreign socialist countries was the endeavour the be trained in highly qualified job...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... of Nicolas II in March of 1917. Seven months after the Provisional Government's formation, the Bolsheviks took command of Petrograd and disbanded the Provisional Government with the popular support of the Russian people, especially the soldiers and factory workers, whom the Bolsheviks empowered in unity. "Extensive popular support for the Bolsheviks and Soviet power, especially in the urban centers and the army, was a reality of 1917, without moral implications pro or con for regimes ... responsibility for this fatal policy which is carried out against the will of a large part of the pr...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... War //, but there are different views of democracy which become polarized between the West and the East with the advent of Cold War. The West emphasized individualism, self-interest and liberty, and the East stressed collectivism and equality. But since the demise of socialist system in 1991 and then the triumph of liberal capitalism as well as the western-style democracy, the post-Cold War claimed that liberal democracy lays foundation for a new world ... context of patriarchal control of women by the "maternalization of the female body". And this might result in the primary associatio...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... allowing for a more unified country, and hence, leadership and conflict played a minor role, whilst Lenin's leadership and rather the party's ability to adapt to the needs of the country shaped its history. The response to the Krondstadt rebellion saw great division within the party with Kollontai and others very angry about it. The NEP sparked a series of debates and ultimately brought the downfall of many party members and the rise of Stalin, where differing vision ... and leadership conflict, to a large extent shaped the history of Russia, as ... ...

• Word Count: 1204
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... 1945 when even Roosevelt, a perennial optimist, expressed his doubts about cooperating with Stalin. Hence, the Truman Doctrine was merely an articulation of the American policy and intentions expressed and declared in the open. The importance of the Truman Doctrine is further limited when considering the fact that this public declaration was presented in such a way that indicated Truman's reluctance to directly ... create a sphere of influence on the USSR's southern perimeter. When the Soviets did not observe the deadline of March 1946 for the withdrawal of their troops from Iran, the U...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a policy of liquidating the kulaks as a class." The party agreed to the use of force in the collectivization and "dekulakization" efforts, precipitating in the deportation and dispossession of nine million kulaks, suspected kulaks, and resistant peasants between 1928 and 1932. "The peasant loathed the exploitation which kept him and his family permanently at starvation level, and regarded "the whole proceeding as a form of legalized robbery and swindle."" Ironically, due to the disorganization and logical apathy of peasant ... farmers, labor productivity in the collective farms fell bel...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... as well, even a greater freedom regarding the populace's private life, however was the shift from the powerful Soviet entity towards Democracy, provoked from below and should we consider the factor that the collapse of the regime and the transition was accomplished in a fairly peaceful atmosphere, in the absence of external invasion or violent internal upheaval?6 According to a study performed by David Kotz and Fred Weir, the party-state elite, or in other words ... the people who hold the governmental power have contributed the most for the collapse of the regime. A group called "Movem...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a collection of lectures where there is obvious subjectivity, Kennan successfully displays an objective view on the topics he discusses in the lecture. Kennan's lecture gives the reader a panoramic view and solid background of American thinking about themselves and the rest of the world, with respect to events leading up to the conflict with the Soviets. As a result, Kennan gives a clearly articulated picture of his thoughts. Kennan explains his ideas ... that carried over to World War I, World War II and the Cold War. He points out that the American feeling at the time was that the pro...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , nowadays, a stage has been reached where the exploited and oppressed class-the proletariat-cannot attain its emancipation from the sway of the exploiting and ruling class-the bourgeoisie-without, at the same time, and once and for all, emancipating society at large from all exploitation, oppression, class distinctions, and class struggles. When substituting the proletariat with the environment, and the bourgeoisie with the polluting industries, the correlation between class struggles and environmental struggles becomes much more clear. In ... a simple economic context, the now dominant...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a policy of liquidating the kulaks as a class." The party agreed to the use of force in the collectivization and "dekulakization" efforts, precipitating in the deportation and dispossession of nine million kulaks, suspected kulaks, and resistant peasants between 1928 and 1932. "The peasant loathed the exploitation which kept him and his family permanently at starvation level, and regarded "the whole proceeding as a form of legalized robbery and swindle."" Ironically, due to the disorganization and logical apathy of peasant ... farmers, labor productivity in the collective farms fell bel...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate