... a fanatically unyielding and calculating dictator to alter his policy -- self-preservation, miscalculation, composite guilt, or deteriorating mentality? "Stalin owed everything to Lenin." Stalin's oppressive rule was legitimized by the "imprimatur of Lenin's creation and succession." Marx's theory became Lenin's doctrine and Stalin's creative justification. Lenin's Bolshevik ("Majority" in Russian) party was formed in 1903 with the ... the bloody experiment cost millions of lives. The first victim of Stalinism was the peasant." As the brother of collectivization in the Five-year Plan, in...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a fanatically unyielding and calculating dictator to alter his policy -- self-preservation, miscalculation, composite guilt, or deteriorating mentality? "Stalin owed everything to Lenin." Stalin's oppressive rule was legitimized by the "imprimatur of Lenin's creation and succession." Marx's theory became Lenin's doctrine and Stalin's creative justification. Lenin's Bolshevik ("Majority" in Russian) party was formed in 1903 with the ... the bloody experiment cost millions of lives. The first victim of Stalinism was the peasant." As the brother of collectivization in the Five-year Plan, in...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... characteristics associated with masculinity and femininity. Masculinity, first, stands for societies in which men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life. The opposite pole, femininity stands for societies in which ... objective versus subjective, self versus other, reason versus emotion, autonomy versus relatedness, and culture versus nature; the first of each pair of characteristics is typically associated with masculinity, the second with femininity. Hence, these two senses ...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... including, the land decree and workers' rights policies. The party, led by a small vanguard, began implementing communist (Leninist) ideologies whilst gaining popular support amongst the population, by succeeding their campaign slogan, peace bread and land for example. As a result, differing visions played a minor role, and is further elaborated as Lenin took upon the leadership role uncontested. Leadership conflict, ... played to a small extent, a role in shaping the history of the Soviet Union, as Lenin had popular support, and despite not having great success in ... a decisive victo...

• Word Count: 1204
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Am I speaking when I say that I'm speaking?"" Foucault poses this question to refer to the problematic subjectivity of the modern man, as being inevitably affected by the great influence and omnipresence of ideology. This extract, which is taken from chapter eight of George Orwell's Animal Farm, revolves around this issue. At this point of the narrative, The animals appear to be totally ... internalization of these attitudes, despite Napoleon's absence from public scenes, indicates their conforming to the image of prisoners in Foucault's panopticon. The Panopticon was a design for a pri...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... major value lies in giving new perspectives on anti-foreignism in Germany, a situation which was often unexamined and overlooked, and reflect of not yet evaluated primary source material. This is supported by the biography of both authors: the first author, Eva-Maria Elsner, was an university lecturer for political economics at Rostock and lived in the former GDR, so she has an ... 'Bundesinstitut für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien', the Federal Insitute for studies on international and Eastern countries ,so the source is reliable. Still, the study is limited as it only...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... and thus rebels, against an authority to achieve something better, becomes the standard for this philosophical inquiry into what amounts to be a pseudo-egalitarian motive for bettering oneself by means of such Rebellion and Revolution. However, the persistent mental dissection of countless aspects and sub-variants of both Revolutions, achieves the unique literary element of objective review over ... the stories which have made up Man's inner Rebel, and his Revolutions and Rebellions in both group and individual analysis. Camus's distinctive inquest into the very character of Man's strug...

• Word Count: 945
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... factors stemming from American intentions prior to the Truman Doctrine, Truman's hesitance in directly confronting the Soviets and the Marshall Plan's success are also important in causing the Cold War. Overall, this essay seeks to argue that the Truman Doctrine is not important in causing the Cold War as it was only a mere declaration of American intentions which were present before 1947 ... policy to contain Soviet expansionism. American intervention was called for when countries faced Soviet pressure, hence setting the direction for subsequent policies such as the Marshall Plan which...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... his thoughts. Kennan explains his ideas in a manner which the average college level student could understand, but does it in a sophisticated manner, which is refreshing. Kennan compares American security ideas to the Roman Empire because Americans had a sense of security and superiority that had not been seen in ... to give anyone reading the book a good chance to develop their own argument, which is a good quality because he is not trying to force his opinion on anyone. " our national consciousness is dominated at present by a sense of insecurity greater even than that of many people of...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... questions as we raise, the fact that Gorbachev turned out to be at the right position, in the right time, changing the course of history by crossing out the Communist Regime, still remains undeniable. Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev is a product of a system that does not encourage radical innovations or reforms, nor open-to-democracy-minded people. And still, what are the qualities ... , the people occupying influential positions and even Gorbachev himself had a major role in the breakdown of the USSR. Yet, the unexpected and nonviolent demise was shaped by several factors combined together....

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Government worth their support. In a direct letter to Kerensky, the soldiers state their intentions of deserting the fronts by autumn, whether or not the order is given by their commanders, and implore Kerensky to end the war so they may return and take care of their starving families ... . Gradually the soldiers begin to realize the faults of the Provisional Government's policy, in foreign relations, by keeping them in war, ... Bolsheviks incited civil war, after they seized the Petrograd Soviet, with their proclamation to the Constituent assembly that they could only be removed by forc...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , or total domination of the entire globe, for it emphasizes centralization with no outside interference. Cuba forms a perfect example for the trade embargo levied on it by the US while in such proximity to it, is the most isolated any communist country has been. First, Cuba's environmental record must be assessed, so as to determine whether or not the communist and environmentalist ... looking to lower costs all at the same time. The only place to look for cheap alternatives was nature itself. They have used animal traction in place of machinery, which is fueled by locally produced natu...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate