... appraise what feminist victimology has offered to the discipline, and further go on to discuss what it has offered that positivist and radical victimologies have not. Founded in the 1970s and significantly influenced by radical feminism, feminist victimology primarily recognises victimisation as the product of unequal power relations, sexism, and other types of prejudice within the law and Criminal Justice System. The feminist approach to victimology is ... therefore concerned with combatting societal sexism, achieving gender equality, and campaigning for women's rights. (Barberet ... ...

• Word Count: 1596
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... years with lead them to become more financially independent which has also caused females to gain more freedom, equality and status inside and outside the home. Ann Oakley (1974) is a feminist who is critic of the Young and Willmott's symmetrical family study and isn't convinced by their evidence as she believes that occasional help from a husband like ironing his own trousers on a Saturday doesn't make ... him a 'good' husband and it also doesn't mean he is helpful in the home. For example Young and Willmott regard a husband who washes up at least once ... segregated; there are f...

• Word Count: 676
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... political categories come to the fore. There is often an opposition between those who riot and those who oppose the rioters, between the establishment (represented by the government, the police) and those who protest against it. In London in 2011 thousands of people protested, rioted and engaged in criminal activity from Saturday the 6th August through to Thursday the 11th of ... as a catalyst for the events which followed. In both riots, gender and intersectional politics were both evident in the nature of the riots and in the discourse and language employed by rioters and the media. The...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... tended to be crimes less associated with violent attacks on others. In a cross cultural analysis of the behaviour of children, by Maccoby and Jacklin in 1974, reviewing studies of child behaviour dating back to the 1930's, and found that boys were typically more aggressive than girls across different social classes. Olwens (1993), discovered that boys were more likely to become bullies or ... foetus while still developing. Children, who had been exposed to the hormone while developing in the mothers" womb, were subsequently investigated in a study carried out by June Reinisch which gene...

• Word Count: 1102
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... value of a "proper" woman. In the face of Roderigo's urgent persuasions, Violenta claims to be "a maidwho knows the the true estimation of virtue" and counters his dramatic claims of death by simply stating, "You very eloquently tell me you shall die if I continue unkind; but I very plainly tell your Lordship, that I must perish if I prove otherwise: since ... reveals the paradox: sexual chastity was not a measure of how truly virtuous a woman is, but rather was an important negotiation tool in securing a husband, getting paid off in a sense by said husband's wealth, and cementing a wom...

• Word Count: 1986
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... [ICCPR] sets out the formulations of the right: every citizen shall have the right and opportunity (a) to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly of through freely chosen representatives and (b) to vote and be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expansion of the will of the electors 1 As ... . It could be said that an important goal for many feminists is an attempt to speak out for the marginalized and oppressed position of women. But if considering democracy linked by ...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... et al, 1992 Evolutionary psychologists believe the reason it was found that males are more likely to sleep with a stranger then females ( a finding from a study conducted by Clarke and Hatfield (1989) can also be explained by the evolutionary reproductive strategy in males, but there have been many other reasons put forward, for instance could it just be the fact that men are more ... culture, they believe that all we believe to be true facts about human nature may not just be natural behaviours but also in fact constructed within our cultures through language , and changes depending on...

• Word Count: 2036
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... far more money than women's sports, there are many more male participants in college athletics, male sports programs sell much more sports memorabilia, and receive many more alumni donations. The most obvious reason why men's sports deserve a much larger percent of their college's athletic budget is the ... a much larger percent of their school's athletic revenue than the women's athletic programs. Putting money into a sport that has high ticket sales and generates large crowds is clearly a worthwhile investment. Any athletic director who sees any sense in donating two million dollars to ...

• Word Count: 680
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a few of the terms were as follows, homosexuals people who choose to develop sexual relationships with the same sex, heterosexual people who choose develop sexual relationships with the opposite sex and bisexual person who choose to be in intimate relationships with both. From this unit I learnt that my definition was to an extent incorrect, because according to (Williams 2006) no ... gender one is erotically attracted to while gender identity refers to one's anatomic sex as stated by (Bailey 2003). Having gained all this information it changed my perspective and how I view homosexuals...

• Word Count: 614
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... assimilation of minority groups within populations, it would have been better if a fair amount of visible transgender minorities were included in the consultations. Additionally, the range of policies and cases were limited, as the book is mainly focused on nondiscriminatory categories of state laws in the United States of America. The first part of the book starts with ... their protocols. Objectionable options, such as surgical sex changes, are required before they could use such facilities, which are also beyond affordable cost. Additionally, some findings are prevalent and identifies...

• Word Count: 1525
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

The reason why the extract "Successful Marriage" taken from the expository text Women's World published in Australia in 1961 and edited by Alleyne Jukes, may mean different things to a contemporary reader of today in comparison to a reader from the sixties, ... comparison to the entrenched system of patriarchy that dominated Australian Anglo-Saxon society up to the late sixties and early seventies. From the seventies change began when patriarchy was challenged by women's movements and individuals such as Germaine Greer. In 1971, Greer's book The Female Unich focused on women's issues ... ab...

• Word Count: 676
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... occur to females. Universities share this opinion to a certain extent, as evidenced by sections of their policies. However, most of university regulations are gender neutral due to the growing interest concerning gender inequality and sexual misbehavior. In addition to their own regulations, a majority of university policies also include state and federal law to emphasize the severity of sexual misconduct. Additionally, although a ... of California, Santa Barbara, for example, states that "every member of the University community should be aware that the University is strongly opposed to...

• Word Count: 1759
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... in the fact that prior to the twentieth century women did not have much of a tradition in the literary arts so as to form and articulate their ideas in writing. As women grew as literary writers by reading and responding to their contemporaries, their literary tradition grew with them. For instance, In North Carolina the number of published women writers in the whole ... of the 1800's totaled 11, from 1900 to 1929 - 10, from 1930 to 1959 - 47, from 1960 to 1979 - 100 and, from 1980 to 1992 - 114. (Statistics compiled by Ginny Daley. In conjunction with the North Carolina Women Writers C...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the ideal of the body politic transferred from male to female, in similar circumstances to that of Elizabeth, culminating in an address by Cleophila to an unruly mob. Alfred Bill states that despite the "background of forest shepherd and shepherdesses, flocks and herds" political undercurrents make Arcadia "no true pastoral" , this is highly evident in Cleophila's speech. In accordance of the ... for Basilius briefly adopting the responsibilities of a monarch. As Elizabeth is granted by God's permission "a body politic to govern" , so too Cleophila was destined by the Oracle to sit in B...

• Word Count: 1452
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... problem at hand, noting that in the LGBT community "nearly 3 out of 4 of lethal crimes [are] committed against trans women and girls," and when they seek refuge in the police "22% of transgender people reported police harassment [and] bias-motivated assault by officers" (25). Beneath the introduction is a list of policy advances that the government has made, as well as needed policy changes ... series highlights various facets of the transgender community that the public should be educated on, such as the correct terminology to use. There are definite differences in language and forma...

• Word Count: 1203
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Australian film that reflects some of the pernicious issues that have become naturalized in our real-life society, such as a deep rooted rape culture upheld by a dominant male discourse. The film follows a barrister, Asta Cadell, as she travels through rural Ginborak and witnesses the tragic journey of rape victim Lizzie Curtis. This representation of society exposes the detrimental effects of a male hegemony ... male discourse through multiple generations. Within the scene where Asta goes to collect a package from the train station, she is ambushed by a band of young boys, who maliciou...

• Word Count: 1114
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Lysander. Egeus doesn't choose the court on a whim; rather, he is hopeful that by taking Hermia to the literal and symbolic seat of the highest authority of the land, she will recognize and honor masculine authority and, by extension, will comply with traditional gender roles, which dictated that a woman should marry ... beyond their own power-indeed, beyond human power-will need to intervene, which is a theme that carries through in other works by Shakespeare presenting women characters and the need for an outside influence to help them solve their problems. In Twelfth Night, the reader...

• Word Count: 2208
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... in. She shows how the concept of patriarchy is useful in explaining the relationship between women's subordination in the private and public arenas by showing that they work equally to achieve this subordination as well as supporting, reflecting and maintaining patriarchy itself. Firstly, Walby points out that the structures of patriarchy differ in their form. The household has a ... , 1994). The gender differences, which lead to gender inequality in the division of labour, and presented as natural by patriarchy and unequal gender order has been normalised and legitimated by science, medi...

• Word Count: 2689
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate