... 2013, pp. 322). Subsequently, the field of feminist victimology includes women in what has traditionally been male-dominated research. It has also adopted qualitative methodologies, such as detailed interviews and case studies, in order to obtain stronger awareness of the forms of female victimisation which have been largely ignored by mainstream (malestream) ideologies. For example, feminist victimology research has ... focuses upon the concept of individualism. This perspective therefore supports the positivist notion, that like criminality, the cause of victimisation could be beyond v...

• Word Count: 1596
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... believe the reason it was found that males are more likely to sleep with a stranger then females ( a finding from a study conducted by Clarke and Hatfield (1989) can also be explained by the evolutionary reproductive strategy in males, but there have been many other reasons put forward, for instance could ... not necessarily determined by our sex, rather it is a socially constructed set of ideas about what it is to be male or female and then taken on and acted upon in order to fully belong to that group which we naturally belong. Social constructivists unlike evolutionary psychologists...

• Word Count: 2036
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... roles generally; females have started to reject the traditional housewife role due to the influence that feminism has had on their attitudes, they have fought a long and hard battle for equal rights in the workplace and in education. As a result of them practically 'winning' the battles to a certain extent more females are in paid-employment that in the last 50 years ... with lead them to become more financially independent which has also caused females to gain more freedom, equality and status inside and outside the home. Ann Oakley (1974) is a feminist who is critic of the Young ...

• Word Count: 676
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... who had been exposed to the hormone while developing in the mothers" womb, were subsequently investigated in a study carried out by June Reinisch which generated evidence that males and females both exposed to the hormone were likely to act more aggressively than their non exposed siblings. The hormone had invariably affected their developing brains, increasing their disposition towards ... suggesting that those in higher social status lives, had developed stronger inhibitions against anti social behaviour. There does appear to be a definite suggestion that testosterone does influence b...

• Word Count: 1102
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... were ignored in the race debate: 'In times of racial tension, Asian-Americans have tended to be left out of the conversation between white and black America, reflecting the prevailing sense during more peaceful times that they don't quite belong in either camp' (Mak, 2014). In the political ... of the protester. The opposition to the privilege of ethno-centrism as it is perceived to favour white over black people in both the UK and the US means that those who are neither perceived as victims or oppressors – Asian Americans, Jewish Londoners – are either neglected or ... Lewis's (...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... western understanding of gender is based on set of culturally determined binary distinctions, such as public versus private, objective versus subjective, self versus other, reason versus emotion, autonomy versus relatedness, and culture versus nature; the first of each pair of characteristics is typically associated with masculinity, the second with femininity. Hence, these two senses become different views which vary across cultures ... right which can be defined to the form of patriarchy, among those who were excluded by the grand narrative of global liberal democracy are women. Liber...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... impacts of a male dominant discourse through the effective use of the film techniques, most predominantly through the use of dialogue, misè en scene, and characterization. Audio is used within "Shame" as a way to manifest how rape culture is a product of a patriarchal society, representing how the social ... scene where Asta goes to collect a package from the train station, she is ambushed by a band of young boys, who maliciously harass her and have implied intentions of rape. The selection of this gang of boys illustrates that in our oppressive male society generations of men have bee...

• Word Count: 1114
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... is power redistributed when our crossing dressing protagonists reveal their identity and to whom? And does Sidney ultimately write in favour of female rule or against it? Issues concerning the cult of Elizabeth, and her immortalisation in literature are also relevant. While he claims it was merely "absolute commandment" of his sister's desire, to be read only in her "idle times" the complexity ... and political relevance which provide a paradoxical base for gender construction would suggest that a much more serious ... message was being chronicled. Whether you look into the mirrors of ...

• Word Count: 1452
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a few of the terms were as follows, homosexuals people who choose to develop sexual relationships with the same sex, heterosexual people who choose develop sexual relationships with the opposite sex and bisexual person who choose to be in intimate relationships with both. From this unit I learnt that my definition was to an extent incorrect, because according to (Williams 2006) no one ... the decision/choose to become a gay male or lesbian which is not always the case. I learnt that sexual orientation not only referred to homosexuals but also heterosexual and bisexuals. I have come to c...

• Word Count: 614
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... far more money than women's sports, there are many more male participants in college athletics, male sports programs sell much more sports memorabilia, and receive many more alumni donations. The most obvious reason why men's sports deserve a much larger percent of their college's athletic budget is the ... a much larger percent of their school's athletic revenue than the women's athletic programs. Putting money into a sport that has high ticket sales and generates large crowds is clearly a worthwhile investment. Any athletic director who sees any sense in donating two million dollars to ...

• Word Count: 680
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... in today's society may think the view in the extract from the expository text is a typical example of how men put women down and oppressed women's rights in the sixties. Women's rights and individualism were completely ignored in this text and feminists would perhaps view the text as being nothing more than a classic example of how destructive patriarchy was to women's rights in ... the 60's. The contemporary feminist reader, looking from 2002 would consider this expository text an outrage, "women give and men take- This quote would be seen to be very simplistic and narrow minded becaus...

• Word Count: 676
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Talking About" series highlights various facets of the transgender community that the public should be educated on, such as the correct terminology to use. There are definite differences in language and formatting in reports written by organizations according to the audiences they are attempting to reach. The writing styles for policy reform for example is more formal than a report addressing how ... against transgender people when it comes to their health care.5 The data in this report is presented in a way that is easy to follow and understand; including graphs, bolding and italicizin...

• Word Count: 1203
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... rising assimilation of minority groups within populations, it would have been better if a fair amount of visible transgender minorities were included in the consultations. Additionally, the range of policies and cases were limited, as the book is mainly focused on nondiscriminatory categories of state laws in the United States of America. The first part of the book starts with a ... participants for the study. Though this process was unsuccessful, Bender-Baird was triumphant in opening up the purpose of the study with clear and organized objectives and that is to examine and understand t...

• Word Count: 1525
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a flawed social system rather than, as was the belief of the time, a violence innate to the female body. Manley is, very clearly, refuting the accepted ideals of feminine passivity and the defenseless position in which a blind execution of such ideals leaves women. However, rather than launching into an explicit diatribe against the repressive societal standards women of the 18th century ... of the contradictions Manley addresses appears in relation to the economics of an 18th-century woman. Specifically, Manley highlights the disparity between the belief that a woman's sexual chastity w...

• Word Count: 1986
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... female characters in the plays of Shakespeare. In this Shakespearean society, it was men who held exclusively the official posts of authority and power, and men who kept the agency and influence to direct the outcome of events. Nevertheless, the careful reader notices a curious trend in many of Shakespeare's plays: many ... or desires. Egeus is so insistent about the importance of maintaining the dominant gender paradigm that he entreats Theseus to use the full weight and penalty of the law to punish his daughter if she does not obey, even if the punishment means death. Theseus, clearly ...

• Word Count: 2208
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a criminal offence subject to prosecution under law" ("President's"). Northwestern, like the University of Southern California, clearly state that they do not tolerate sexual harassment not only because it is "unacceptable" and inappropriate, but also because the greater law prohibits it. The policy also remains gender neutral in that Northwestern University does not use gender when referring to offenders, but rather generally ... this, the policies remain ambiguous enough to pertain to either gender but specific enough to get their points across. In a similar way, the University of Mary...

• Word Count: 1759
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... in the whole of the 1800's totaled 11, from 1900 to 1929 - 10, from 1930 to 1959 - 47, from 1960 to 1979 - 100 and, from 1980 to 1992 - 114. (Statistics compiled by Ginny Daley. In conjunction with the North Carolina Women Writers Conference, March 1992.) As one can ... the fortitude of women in the eighteen hundreds came the strength of the few established female literary writers who pooled their efforts to form a community and build the women's literary tradition that exists today. In Woolf's essay, she states: "For we think back through our mothers if we are ... her male counterpar...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... that the power of the concept to explain women's subordinate position in society was proven (Seidman, 1994). The feminist engagement with theories of patriarchy criticized pre-existing theoretical positions and their ideological use; tracing theoretical progenitors of popular views about gender, gender roles etc (Cooper, 1995; Raymond, 1980). Developing theories to explain how gender inequalities have their ... can only pursue its segregationist strategy because the individual patriarch subordinates the individual women daily. Walby's description of patriarchal structure looks powerful w...

• Word Count: 2689
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate