... except where it has been solicited, is a form of power, although he points out that the picture is much more complicated than this in terms of the relationship between modes and the positioning of subjects, and the range of possible subject positions. Conclusions This study focused on an examination of the discourse of the I.T. training environment and in particular on instructor- ... led training. The scale of the project in terms of numbers of participants, amount of training time examined and the number of training courses investigated, ... precludes any substantial conclusions, but t...

• Word Count: 6821
• Approx Pages: 27
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... manner in which language inevitably plays an indispensable role. In conjuring this image, I am reminded of John Rawls' constructivist approach towards a theory of freedom and of Jürgen Habermas' discourse theory, both of which recognizes the paramount importance of language and discourse in the vitality of a philosophical theory as well as in the methodological manner by which theorizing and philosophizing are carried ... , if not parallel to what might be considered as basic or foundational beliefs. I think this confrontation with the problem of infinite regress is inevitable when a t...

• Word Count: 3250
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... responses, particularly focusing on the "alternative-to-development" solution focusing on community and social movements espoused by Escobar. He also highlights the evolution of post-development discourse from simply criticizing the development mechanism to actually providing solutions, which have had some profound effects in Latin America and Southeast Asia. From these studies, ... the post-development rhetoric to shift from development to alternatives to development, leaving behind the construct of development altogether. Nevertheless, the discourse of post-development has helped to br...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

... by challenges from new social movements such as feminists and disabled activists who demanded recognition of their autonomous welfare needs. The introduction of market mechanisms and managerialism changed the social relations of welfare provision and led to the reconstruction of the social settlement. The new discourse of the government referred to welfare recipients as customers. Being a "customer" positions people ... unmarried women to have children. Peter Lilley, said at a Conservative conference that he had a list of "young ladies" who get pregnant just to jump the queue for council...

• Word Count: 3818
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... red-light areas. They are represented in popular Indian films and literature through stereotypes of bad' women- (Sleightholme and I. Sinha 1996, p3). This quote explains more than it seems to. First of all, drawing lines between whores and sexual workers depends on discourse. As Michel Foucault states, discourse' is a power of knowledge, one's culture, and belief in what is taught to be the ... men where sex-workers are being called to private places for sexual performance. It is interesting to follow Michel Foucault's notion of discourse again that in certain religious discourse, prosti...

• Word Count: 3438
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... certain end, but, like in the Scottish case, were rather "accidental" and "unintended" consequences of practices taking a life of their own. In Marilyn Ivy's terms, (N2) through repetition, performance and visual signification, the distinctions between "invention" and "authenticity," between "discourse" and "history" have become blurred. This ultimately connects to the third, and perhaps most important point ... more) "real" traditions is erased, (N8) and traditions, from the moment of their invention, become part of discourse. This is a useful way of looking at invented traditions. By c...

• Word Count: 6746
• Approx Pages: 27
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... her husbands, questions what she has been told, argues with authority and tells a tale in which victory is won by a woman's power of discourse. Her prologue itself is masculine in it is a mock sermon. Preaching and interpretation of scripture involved rationality, that according to men, a characteristic unknown to women. WB quotes scriptures to support her remarriages. She also refers to other ... important question, if all were virgins, then where would virgins come from. The Wife's main thesis of her sermon is the "woe in marriage". The most important aspect of her discourse is the doub...

• Word Count: 2959
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... essay illustrates that women's work is not recognized as equal to men as women are paid less for the same positions. Also they tend to hold the majority of low paid occupations. The discourse within these inequalities will be discussed along with theoretical approaches that can be used to help women overcome this systematic inequality. Statistics on Poverty among Women and Current ... of survival. Thus, women tend to lean more toward part-time employment, low paid employment to avoid executive career expectations such as working late, and attending business retreats, and/or working long...

• Word Count: 2919
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... more critical and sophisticated regarding the President's ability to employ crises promotion. Contemporary commanders-in-chief promote foreign crises by explicitly advancing a claim of crisis or implicitly treating a circumstance as a crisis in their public discourse (Bostdorff 206). Accordingly, Bostdroff has used a method that he refers to as the "pentadic method " that he had created in ... as well as the dominate terminological relationships that involved the actor. Another popular rhetorical criticism of presidential crisis discourse that has been consistently mentioned is how the c...

• Word Count: 4563
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography

... hold in the social sciences - and why they are merely "added on" in the academic discourse, focus their critique upon traditional scientific approaches existing in the social sciences, offering alternative theories of knowledge. In addition, they attack concepts that originate from the founding fathers of each discipline (i.e. Durkheim in Sociology), and which still hold an exceptional position in the social ... as are any answers we can discover: Defining what is in need of scientific explanation only from the perspective of bourgeois, white men's experiences leads to partial and ever pe...

• Word Count: 2946
• Approx Pages: 12

... . Anderson's Research on Television Viewing Behaviour The Focus of Anderson's Research Anderson (1985, p. 178) sees his research in online nature of television viewing as "a means of studying the dynamics of attention and comprehension of multimodal discourse."" Highlighting that his research and findings apply to "the production of short television segments such as commercials-, he also found that much of the research in this area has "general applicability for ... longer it remained in progress after the segment boundary (Anderson, 1985, p. 193). He concluded that "attentional inertia ...

• Word Count: 3756
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Thomas Hobbes's novel Leviathan (1651), John Locke's The Second Treasite of Government (1690), and Genevian philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality (1755) political theories and ideologies held an immense influence on the shaping of governmental systems and society in Europe and America. All three men start their arguments with the State of Nature as their basis. From this natural environment from which man ... , thereby agreeing to give up his freedom and natural rights to the public power of a government in hopes of regaining peace. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, our third ...

• Word Count: 3200
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... with sufficient imagination (and this I do need), I can enter into a value system which is not my own, but which is nevertheless something I can conceive of men pursuing while remaining human, while remaining creatures with whom I can communicate, with whom I have some common values -- for all human beings must have some ... with what our neighbor chooses, but that it is valuable for human discourse to allow us to disagree. He states that multiple values, rather than being subjective, are part of humanity. If we value reason and discourse, it is hard to imagine that we could prohibit a ...

• Word Count: 2842
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... only ones active in the democratization movement and were not a dominant or even significant portion of the Korean Christian church, their actions themselves are significant enough to warrant attention. As they elevated and extended the spiritual discourse of their time, they concretely applied this spiritual discourse to the political circumstances of their time and the time to come. Part 1 Conception: Premillenial Preparation for the Dawn ... of a New Age Kil Seonju, whom some scholars have recognize as the 'father of Korean Christianity,' was not a Minjung Theologian but develop...

• Word Count: 3418
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... assess both the historical and psychological conditions in which the text was written. We cannot, however, hope to attain the final goal of Schleiermacher's Hermeneutics - "to understand the discourse . . . better than its creator." Yet we may still find the method useful to our understanding as "the meaning of history is our profound concern. It is difficult to remain immune to the anxiety ... word to mankind, but also mankind's thoughts on God, "not only God's disclosure but man's insight." It is "a record of both revelation and response." To modern persons the Bible serves as a foresh...

• Word Count: 3573
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

... represent an individual's concept of the Selves which they both fear and aspire to, and may very well become. James White (in Current Sociology 43, 1995: 165) is another author who needs to be discussed in order to obtain a fuller understanding of Murdoch's concept of Self. In his book, Heracles" Bow, White speaks about "constitutive rhetoric", the discourse of social life which not only ... serves the function of resolving disputes but also, and most importantly, is used in creating an identity which can be understood and accepted ... society. Indeed White's contention is that identity...

• Word Count: 3367
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... generation who was growing up in a capitalist world when the economy was contracting rather than expanding. The innocence of the sixties was curdling into seventies cynicism. (Savage 60) Punk rock was sexual, violent, nihilistic, anarchistic, frustrated. The concept of anarchy is central to political discourse within the punk underground. Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hard core confrontation with the ... dark side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, and punk considered it in a thorough way that had never ... been done before by any generation, and the...

• Word Count: 3241
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... contemporary environmentalism and Enlightenment thought. According to Hinchman (2001), environmentalism, as we know it, is possible because of the creation of the public sphere during The Enlightenment. The public sphere encompasses the myriad intellectual spaces where discourse amongst the governed, and, between the governed and the governing are possible. Hinchman (2001) not only argues ... culture's relationship with nature. My research journey from polemic to paradigm shift might have made Hegel giggle, but I, nevertheless, gained significant intellectual benefit from the transfigua...

• Word Count: 2540
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1995, p185). Thus, the interpretation is complete when the reading releases something like an event, an event of discourse, an event of the present time. What happens in that event is that the interpreter obtains the possibility to see things ... the Empire. At that time, the Church had a double role. First, the Church was a constitution that provided spiritual guidance and a place of worship to people. Additionally, the Church was effectively involved in the ruling the land. Religion and politics were inseparable. Anyone who dared The ... god will never be. Thus, if Jesus was made into ...

• Word Count: 2796
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... Enfield is reserved and formal; the two men often walk for long stretches without even saying a word to one another. Mr. Enfield has a recollection of a previous incident in which he witnessed an extremely unpleasant man trample upon a small screaming girl and then walks swiftly away. "All at once, I saw ... to be paid off to keep quiet. So Hyde enters Jekyll's laboratory and returns with a check for a hundred pounds. The second murder, that of Sir Danvers Carew, takes place late in the evening fog. A maid servant had gone upstairs for bed and while looking out the window she saw ... or ...

• Word Count: 2799
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... not have a course description to inform me about the dynamics of groups but I was intrigued by the opportunity to be a part of a membership where people learned how to interact in groups. Specifically, I was thinking, that I was supposed to link with individuals that would discourse and engage in activities while exploring the stages of group/ team building. I came into the group recognizing three ... people (Ann, Mike and Ebony) out of the eleven (John, Mike, Keith, Dina, Donna, Mari, Wanda, Ann, Ebony, and Raveen,) members with whom I ... conversation between Dina and Donna who were d...

• Word Count: 4841
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the danger in a situation such as the Berlin crisis, one must look beyond the statistics and military buildup and into the mindset of the heads of the powers involved to determine whether war was an viable possibility, or simply a political device. Although allied in World War II, US ... 1960 the figure rose to 199,000; and in the first seven months of 1961, about 207,000 left the country. German Democratic Republic leader Walter Ulbricht vents his frustration to Khrushchev in the following discourse: West Berlin has strengthened economically. This is seen in the fact that ... about 50,...

• Word Count: 2678
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... Brabantio would lead us to believe.[7] The way Iago describes Desdemona, and the way Othello says she had a "greedy ear" devouring up his discourse leads us to think that Desdemona can use her manner o get what she wants, she knows that Venetian society stipulates that a daughter must be ... Joe Buttafuco and Amy Fischer). Another pre-existing situation that Iago helps to manipulate is the relationship between Brabantio and Othello. Before Brabantio knew of Othellos love affair with his daughter, he was actaully good friends with him. Othello went over to his house to have dinner on ......

• Word Count: 3763
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... individuals Tarrier et al. (2000) concluded that CBT showed good results for positive symptoms, and supportive counselling went well for negative symptoms. It appears the complexity of symptoms involved with schizophrenia can be mutually exclusive for the positive and negative clusters. Such distinction is seen in both studies examined above. To amplify, empirical experiments ... is not useful. Robert Carson (1996) argues, a "categorical system" (such as DSM) for schizophrenia will never yield to such a system because of its "seamless" characteristics. Carson believes a discourse for ca...

• Word Count: 2726
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with which Torvald is trying to urge Nora indirectly to confess. (5) There's a perlocutionary act here as there is this successful achievement of the illocutionary act. Nora here confesses that Krogstad was there although she previously denied that. Nora here is not observing the Quantity ... his presence. Nora's utterance here is very short which implicates that she is powerless, can"t defend herself and may be embarrassed because of her critical situation. The protagonist here is not informative. (8) Helmer's utterances here are longer which reflect his power. He is dominating ... 's...

• Word Count: 4426
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School