Mining silver Peru, Africans worked alongside with Native Americans. ... Ships sailed from Columbia to Panama where African captives were transported to South America. ... A trip from Africa to Brazil took a month and two months from the coast of West Africa to the Caribbean and North America. ... By the 1700s, most Africans were shipped directly from the west coast of Africa to America, due to the high demand for slaves. ... African Americans were subjected to capital punishment if they committed a severe enough crime. ...

• Word Count: 2584
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Before Europeans journeyed to North America and brought African slaves with them, Africans and Native Americans actually had a lot in common. ... The very first Cherokee to own an African American slave was Nancy Ward. ... The tribe interacted with enslaved Africans and African Americans in a multitude of ways. ... Some of the tribes also began buying African American slaves during the Revolutionary War. ... Meigs, Sr. counted 583 African American slaves held by Cherokee Indians (Davis). ...

• Word Count: 2752
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With the decline of the Amerindian population, labor from Africa formed the basis of the exploitation of the gold and agricultural resources of the export sectors of the Americas, with sugar plantations absorbing well over two thirds of slaves carried across the Atlantic by the major European and Euro-American powers. ... African capacity to resist Europeans ensured that sugar plantations were established in the Americas rather than in Africa. But if Africans, aided by tropical pathogens, were able to resist the potential invaders, some Africans were prepared to sell slaves to Europeans for us...

• Word Count: 4994
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction The Middle Passage is the crossing of the Ocean from Africa to America of African people, who passed from the state of liberty to the state of slavery, and took place between the XVI and XIX centuries. They were captured from the tribes situated on Africa's West Coast: Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Senegal, etc. and they were shipped in the southern area of North America (Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, Florida). The Diaspora gives birth to a new human being: the African American, who links together the African and the Ame...

• Word Count: 4160
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

The transatlantic slave trade occurred between the 16th and early 20th Century, it was a truly horrific period of human history where millions of men, women and children were uprooted throughout West Africa and dispersed across the colonised Americas connecting the economies of three continents. ... Africans were transported to America to be sold throughout the continent as slave labourers. ... Africans were believed to have higher levels of strength and 'humour' than European workers or the Native Americans and, therefore, considered the more effective work force in this new indust...

• Word Count: 2679
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Stowe intended to help America realize the inhumanity of slavery and the pain it brought upon African-Americans by writing a melodramatic novel. ... Haley, like Stowe, portrays Kunta in a positive manner in order for the reader to realize that African-Americans had a long line of history before they were kidnapped into slavery. ... By depicting Juffure, he is able to show that the Africans indeed had their own way of life in Africa. ... Furthermore, the reader gains knowledge of Haley's ancestors and their unique culture thus partially understanding the origin of African-Americans in our ...

• Word Count: 4104
• Approx Pages: 16

.# From the passage it is evident that racial thought was around even before American colonization. ... Although, their meanings of race varied from place to place and "it was the English in North America who developed the most rigid and exclusionist form of race ideology" (Smedley 17). ... This story not only gives insight on other races but of the African race the one in which we are more concerned. There is a biblical story that states Ham, the second son of Noah, was the ancestor of the African race, which is agreed upon by many scholars. ... The idea of Ham's succeeding generat...

• Word Count: 3801
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

South American imperialism dramatically changed the economy for the native people of South America and thus changed the way that they lived their lives. ... But the Portuguese trader's explorations of Africa's Atlantic coast introduced them to the continent's indigenous slave trade, and by the fifteen hundreds, thousands of African slaves were interring the Iberian Peninsula each year. ... Because these islands lacked an adequate labor force, sugar cultivation was linked to the African slave trade almost immediately. ... Over ten percent of the population was slaves in South Am...

• Word Count: 2711
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

The book was focused on the primitive modern sense of what it meant to be an African-American during the Harlem Renaissance. ... However, by 1922 his work had appeared in many magazines including Double Dealer that sought to publish African-American poets and writers. ... Georgia forces the mixed-race Kabnis, who could be an allusion to Toomer himself, to confront the African-American past. ... The earth becomes a symbol of the south – home to the African-American people. The text of Cane reminds the reader that African-American roots reach back to slavery, as slavery was so prolific in ...

• Word Count: 3347
• Approx Pages: 13

Time On The Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman's book Time on the Cross, analyzes the Southern economy before and after the Civil War. The book's purpose is to show how important African Americans were to the Southern economy, and tries to "correct the perversion of the history of blacks - in order to strike down the view that black Americans were without culture, without achievement, and without development for their first two hundred and fifty years on American soil." The authors believe that historians and abolitionists before Wor...

• Word Count: 3223
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

Its goal was to send the free slaves to Liberia, Africa. ... Frederick Douglass - Frederick Douglass, (1818-1895), was the leading spokesman of African Americans in the 1800's. ... Harriet Tubman - Harriet Tubman was an African American whose daring rescues helped hundreds of slaves escape to freedom. ... Although her career was short, it set the stage for the African American women speakers who followed: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman, among others. ... Douglass, an eloquent ex-slave from Maryland, was the leading African American spokesperson of the ti...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

The main goals in the expansion were to Christianize the Indians, to gain trading power, to expand their empire, and of course, to gain the great mineral wealth of the Americans. ... Empire building nations such as Spain, Portugal, and England developed a slave trade bringing slaves from Africa to the New World. ... The portion of this exchange consisting of taking slaves from Africa to the New World is the Middle Passage. ... Equiano was kidnapped from Africa and taken to the New World where he is a slave and eventually gains his freedom. ...

• Word Count: 2761
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

African-American studies scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., explains the slave narrative in these terms: The Black slave narrators sought to indict both those who enslaved them and the meta- physical system drawn upon to justify their enslavement. ... American slave women were encouraged to graphically describe the sexual abuse they suffered to evoke sympathy. ...

• Word Count: 3051
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School