... Caucasus - their capture would deprive the Russians of their fuel supply. An army was to advance down the Volga to Astrakhan and ultimately Baku. Simultaneously the German Sixth Army was ordered to take Stalingrad - 'smash the enemy forces concentrated there, occupy the town and block land communications between the Don and the Volga'. Stalingrad was a long urban strip strung out along ... every Soviet soldier - 'Not a step backwards!' Hence the clash of the titans. By July 1942 the oil fields seemed to be at Hitler's mercy. Then he changed his mind and ordered part of the forces that w...

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7

... time. The armament of the Afghan rebels with AK-47 automatic rifles and the Stinger missiles used by them was very convincing (pg. 125, High-Tech Warfare). The realistic weapon combinations that were actually used by the rebels made the author's story many times more believable. Tom Clancy often used specific references to historical facts, characters' personality and references to real ... ...

• Word Count: 2281
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... -in-law to remind the Russians the US was friendly and had not interfered with Hungary in 1956, this was an attempt to side with Russia. On February 3 1962 Kennedy ordered a complete ban on all trade with Cuba and State Department officials urged NATO to stop trade as well. In reply, Castro issued theSecond Declaration of Havana? the next day, which ... ships were in cooperance with the US. The next day the first of the Soviet ships approached just short of the quarantine line and stopped dead. If Khrushchev had not ordered the ships to obey the quarantine then the result would have been...

• Word Count: 1669
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... that would compromise the freedom of Serbia that they fought for. Therefore, Austria-Hungary bombed Serbia's capital, Belgrade, Serbia turn to their alliance with Russia for help. Tsar Nicholas II ordered the Russian army to mobilise. Kaiser Wilhelm heard that the Russian army was mobilising so he sent an ultimatum to Russia ordering them to stop. Russia has to refuse the ... ultimatum and mobilises its army. The French government heard about this and immediately ordered their army to mobilise. The German's were forced to mobilise their army because of Austria-Hungary joining in the con...

• Word Count: 1711
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... Armenian dissenters. The persecution of the Armenians continued during World War I. Armenians who volunteered to help the Russian army fight the Turks were forced to leave when the Turkish government ordered all Armenians to deport to Syria and Palestine. Even those fighting with the Ottoman army were removed. They were taken to labor battalions where they were subjected to the same ... the skull. The worst ingredient of the incredible stench of the Trenches was the vile odor of putrefaction. The latrines gave off a dreadful smell even in the most of well-ordered trenches. For many sold...

• Word Count: 1933
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... . In one example a girl had shared a dormitory with three male seasonal labourers and slept with all three. She named one as the father who contested his responsibility so the judge ordered all three to pay her 3 rubles each a month until the child was 18 . Thus it seems that the 1918 Code had positive effects in many ways for women. They could ... as seeing the two holding hands; this was enough to prove paternity and require a monthly payment to mother and child. For most men it was impossible to pay the court-ordered sums so they would simply disappear resulting in chaos in the countr...

• Word Count: 1795
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to move its army towards France and Belgium, and the French went on a war footing, prepared for Germany's invasion. Germany declared war on France and raided neutral Belgium. Britain then ordered Germany to withdraw, but Germany refused their request and remained where they were. Britain then declares war on Germany and finally Austria declares war on Russia. The trigger of the ... ...

• Word Count: 1277
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... theory said that it was the time to start another revolution but Bolsheviks disagreed with the timing, and were later to be proved right. In June 1917 the Provisional Government ordered Russian armies to make an attack on Austria, this failed and turned into a retreat. This prompted soldiers to desert their armies and go back to Petrograd to join forces with ... ...

• Word Count: 2288
• Approx Pages: 9

... communist political power beyond any shadow of doubt"[4]. The Kronstadt sailors were hardened veterans of the Revolution and supported the Bolsheviks seizure of power. When trouble arose Lenin personally ordered the uprising be crushed completely, half of the remaining mutineers were executed (2,168) after surrendering, the rest were sent to Solovki prison camp which was described as the "Mother ... ...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... industrial and military equipment. However, externally, forces worked against the USSR in destroying the peace. The Tripartite Pact was signed between Germany, Italy and Japan in September 1940 and Hitler ordered the highly secret ˜Operation Barbarossa'. On 22 June German forces invaded the Soviet Union. Half a million Russians were killed and 1 million imprisoned in the first fortnight of war. However ... ...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ," was a boon to Russian morale. Soviet innovation was also significant, the huge IS-2 tank was described as "the most effective tank of WWII." On August 3 1941 the "Council of Evacuation" ordered the exodus of 16 million workers and 2,593 factories to the east so they did not fall into the Germans hands, whilst allowing Russia to rapidly rebuild its armaments economy ... ...

• Word Count: 2415
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... he was replaced by a Provisional Government committed to continuing the war. In March 1917, 200,000 protesters converged in the capital city of Petrograd to protest the Tsar's policies. Nicholas ordered the army to subdue the crowd. There were still a few commanders loyal to the Tsar who forced their soldiers to shoot into the crowd, killing several people. With Petrograd in ... ...

• Word Count: 1936
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of it. Thousands of people were slaughtered because they did not follow Stalin's plan for reforming Russia. Many of Stalin's changes were not welcome or were not well implemented. Stalin ordered all of Russia's farmland to be collectivized, or turned into huge, organized farms. This was not done very efficiently or effectively, and for the first few years after Russia was ... ...

• Word Count: 1682
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... an anti-missile space system in order to out-perform the Americans. Following Khrushchev's decision on the Berlin Wall, he received much criticism from the Russian people. In response, he ordered new nuclear tests that eventually led to the creation of the Hydrogen bomb. This advancement caused the Americans to soon follow with their own Hydrogen bomb as the arms race ... ...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... (Harcave, 1968, p.300). During that time, Nicholas, as well as responsible men at all levels of the bureaucracy, accepted as reality the illusion that his father had bequeathed him a well-ordered realm (Ibid). For a few years of Nicholas reign a lot of things continued to go well for Russia because of programs continued from the previous reign. The one undertaken by Minister ... ...

• Word Count: 1939
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... do it, then why couldn't Russia? So Peter proceeded to build the new form of government by first made Swedish-model colleges and appointed presidents of each of them. He ordered that each of the new presidents have a fully functioning system at the years end. With all the changes going on and with the church and state being separate units that ... ...

• Word Count: 2333
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . The U.N. had its hands tied, because there were 'free' elections (the candidates were all communist) and there was no proof of Russian involvement. While it cannot be proved that Stalin ordered the coup, the signals were clear: Stalin had likely encouraged the coup, and it was not coincidental that Russian troops in Austria were moved up to the Czech border. Czechoslovakia ... ...

• Word Count: 1438
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... of it. Thousands of people were slaughtered because they did not follow Stalin's plan for reforming Russia. Many of Stalin's changes were not welcome or were not well implemented. Stalin ordered all of Russia's farmland to be collectivized, or turned into huge, organized farms. This was not done very efficiently or effectively, and for the first few years after Russia was ... ...

• Word Count: 1682
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... territories and also to maintain sea routes between their various territories and colonies. The German Kaiser was extremely envious of Britain for having a larger navy than that of Germany's and ordered the production of new Dreadnought-class battleships. Britain responded to the Germans attempt to equal its navy by creating a navy so large and powerful that no other nation's navy would ... ...

• Word Count: 1859
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... unarmed men and women of St. Petersburg, Russia took a petition to Tsar Nicholas II that called for higher wages, a shorter workday, and constitutional reforms to government. In a panic, the tsar ordered his troops to disperse the gathering at any cost, authorizing the guards to fire on the crowd. Resulting in the deaths of scores of Russian workers and their wives, Bloody ... ...

• Word Count: 2378
• Approx Pages: 10

... food shortages as a result of the war. In February of 1917, there are demonstrations against the Tsar, somewhere between 250,000 and 300,000 people strike and the police are ordered to fire upon them, however they refuse to do so. Soon after, the Duma steps up and forms the Provisional Government. The Tsar advocates without the use of resistance, and ... ...

• Word Count: 1522
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... shoot down the U-2 came from a subordinate Russian general. Of course the initial reaction was horror on both sides. Horror by Khrushchev because he knew we would immediately think he had ordered the plane shot down, and horror by the Kennedy administration that they would have to figure out what to do about it. The quarantine had been effective but the shooting ... ...

• Word Count: 2306
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... would pressure Germany into protecting their well-being. With high tensions and parties both with their fingers on the trigger, violence would eventually turn into a bloodbath. Entire naval fleets being ordered to sea the risk of having a global war was at hand. Many people point the finger at Germany due to their willingness to challenge the status quo and upset the ... ...

• Word Count: 1527
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... according to the army, were also weakened with the Soviet's "Order Number One" (14 of March) commanding all armies to establish a soldiers council in each regiment, were the soldiers were ordered only to deny orders conflicting with the Soviet's interests. The government could not anymore rely on the soldiers to obey their orders; it was the Petrograd Soviet who had the ... ...

• Word Count: 1280
• Approx Pages: 5

... of having a racial equality clause included in the League of Nations Covenant. In 1905, California passed anti-Japanese legislation. In the following year, the school board in San Francisco even ordered Japanese and other Asian children to attend segregated schools. In 1924, America passed the Japanese Exclusion Act to shut off Japanese immigration into the US. With this series of insults ... ...

• Word Count: 2040
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate