... labor market and the family. Welfare states actively contribute to promote employment opportunities, i.e., participation in the labor market through various operations and policies. The principal operations concern in particular the de-familiarization of caring tasks through social services for children and the elderly, which in turn allows in particular women to enter the labor market ... , de-commodification of labor through easily accessible and relatively generous cash benefits providing a more flexible labor market, and re-commodification of labor through conditioning of benefits an...

• Word Count: 3108
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... cushioning society against external pressures and transnational forces. But as domestic and foreign economic policy issues become blurred, as the domestic economy becomes detached from the state, and as de-regulation and de-nationalisation continue, it is more difficult for states to manage the domestic-international trade-off in a way that satisfies competing demands on it. If it has become more difficult ... ...

• Word Count: 9082
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... developing countries that "fits well with the institutional needs of 'development' agencies." What was needed, argued post-development theorists was a need to move beyond development. Ziai (2007) quotes Escobar as saying that post-development thinkers were "interested not in development alternatives but in alternatives to development." Escobar (2007) further argues that to achieve this, it is ... ...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

... their projection of evil on the fetishised 'devil objects' and 'things' such as the cane is symbolic of the evil they percieve in the 'unnatural' economy foisted upon them. He quotes on page 232 that when the workers 'commune' together to practice sacrificial rites to the fetishised tio that...... "There they give voice to all the problems they have, and there ... ...

• Word Count: 3233
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... could take place in their own time, surely it was not unthinkable that another could succeed it, a socialist revolution. The earliest thinkers to be called "socialists" were the Frenchmen Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825) and Francois-Marie-Charles Fourier (1772-1837) and the Welshman Robert Owen (1771-1858). All three of them were visionaries with little political logic, hoping to ... ...

• Word Count: 3577
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... against gold proportional to their loss of substance. But if, as was often the case, they circulate and are generally accepted at face value do we want to call this de facto debasement? Or does this question point to the existence of an important set of mediations between the value of money and the value of gold? I think the latter is ... ...

• Word Count: 5092
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , that we see in the servile class, the coarsest fare, the most exhausting and unremitting toil, and even the absolute destruction of a portion of its numbers every year.' Mutato nomine de te fabula narratur. ["The name has been changed but the story is about you."" Horace, Satires] For slave-trade read labour-market, for Kentucky and Virginia, Ireland and the agricultural ... ...

• Word Count: 5258
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a nation has to adopt if it is going to successfully fit into the new world paradigm. Policies include the removal of subsidies, increased levels of taxation, reduction in public expenditure, de-regulation/liberalisation of economies, privatisation of the public sector and devaluation of currency. These policies were promoted as seeds of globalisation leading ultimately to development and economic growth, however over ... ...

• Word Count: 3797
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... assume that communism had been collapsing for a long time. For many years, it has been difficult to watch the Soviet world of "real socialism" without experiencing the eerie sense of de javu. Consider Poland, in many ways most "developed" among communist political economies (CPEs), if only the symptoms of its disease had advanced furthest. For the first-time visitors in the ... ...

• Word Count: 5382
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate