... have the ability to bring back species from near extinction and even reintroduce recently extinct species back to our world by using old DNA. With genetic engineering, we would have the ability to clone a loved one or a favorite pet. It would also give us the ability to grow ... I am not overall religious; however I do believe that that would be taking the place of God. By using the technology we gain from genetic engineering we would be prolonging life. Our world is already overpopulated so if we prolong life, which would then make our world more overpopulated, ... then it already is. ...

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... characteristic in an organism on a molecular level which include additions, deletion, or targeted changes to the genome (1). Two of the main scientists who contribute a lot in human genetic engineering modifications and discovered a procedure for replicating using DNA were Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer (6). With preforming special categories of experimentation Cohen and Boyer made appropriate expenditure of enzymes ... were generated using DNA modification, and in the late 1974 mice were also generated (1). The method of DNA modification is practical in several fields including biotechn...

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... American Management Association conducted a survey in 1997 that found that 6 to 10 percent of the 6,000 companies in their sample used genetic testing for employment purposes. There are also over 200 cases documented by the Council for Responsible Genetics where either insurance or jobs were denied ... is regulated by a code of conduct (Foubister). Another issue of privacy is in law enforcement. Several states currently allow or even mandate genetic testing for all people arrested for crimes, including juvenile offenders, regardless of whether or not there is a conviction in the case. O...

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... American Management Association conducted a survey in 1997 that found that 6 to 10 percent of the 6,000 companies in their sample used genetic testing for employment purposes. There are also over 200 cases documented by the Council for Responsible Genetics where either insurance or jobs were denied ... is regulated by a code of conduct (Foubister). Another issue of privacy is in law enforcement. Several states currently allow or even mandate genetic testing for all people arrested for crimes, including juvenile offenders, regardless of whether or not there is a conviction in the case. O...

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... , and probably without any controversy. Then, as societal fears about messing with mother nature subside, Silver and other researchers predict that a genetic solution to preventing diabetes, heart disease and other big killers will be found and offered, as well as genetic inoculations against HIV. Eventually, the mind will be targeted for improvement - preventing addiction to alcohol and drugs, curing mental illness ad ... unable to interbreed. People now have 46 chromosomes - the gene-enriched would have 48 to accommodate their added traits, as Silver predicts. (Deneen 2001) A lot of pe...

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... health and envisioned a society that perpetuated white middle and upper class power. By sterilizing the mentally ill and restricting foreign immigration, eugenicists sought to isolate the American genetic stock from the taint of allegedly bad genes. American eugenicists hoped to use physical measurements of the human body to back up their claims about the superiority of ... genetics research. The goals of this project include: Examine the issues surrounding the completion of the human DNA sequence and the study of human genetic variation. Examine issues raised by the integration of genet...

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... 23 chromosomes of the human body .Along the way, they hope to understand the basis of, and maybe even create different methods of treating certain genetic diseases, like Alzheimer's and Muscular Dystrophy. They plan to do this by identifying the DNA sequence of an abnormal gene in which a disease ... of most of the human genes by 1996. Researchers have successfully located the gene and DNA sequence for Huntington's Disease on Chromosome 4 and have made a genetic test to determine if a person carries this gene. The child of a person with Huntington's has a 50% chance of inheriting the ge...

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... showed signs of future health problems that could result in early retirement, or resignation. So who should be allowed to view a person's genetic breakdown? Many people fear that even if genetic code is kept as disclosed information, the remote chance of it being leaked is a major fear, and rightfully so. Another problem that arises with this relates to the person whom ... religion as well. Many would claim that this pre-determination of a child's health would be playing God, and any alteration to avoid that would be sacreligous. However, what if the genetic testing performed on the mo...

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... in my mind is the right to privacy. Do we really want insurance companies, employers, schools, and adoption agencies to have access to our genetic information? Only time will tell how successful the human genome project really is. For me, the right to privacy is a very important factor in ... my life. Although it may be beneficial for me to have hospitals know my genetic make-up, I know for a fact that I wouldn't want insurance agencies and employers to have access to that information. If there were ever something ... health coverage, but they can also charge me extra, which in turn doe...

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... Genome Project was an international research project to sequence and map out the human genome. A genome is the complete set of genetic material present in a cell or any living organism. In October of 1990, the National Institutes of Health and the United States ... of parts in the human genome, they hoped to discover variations in certain gene expressions and link it to the development of specific genetic diseases. Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the process of manually inputting new DNA to any living organism. With the objective of adding new traits that are not already ... ...

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... acid was discovered in 1953 by Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson. DNA is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell. It is made up of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen ... Articles). This can eliminate how different groups of people are seen, classified and react around each other. At the same time ethnic groups are social not genetic labels, so although people may be in the same ethnic group their genomes may be different. The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international 13 ... a region key to...

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... information produced by it become a beneficial asset or a moral evil? These are just some of the questions that arise as a result of the genetic advances in Science nowadays. What really is the Human Genome Project? What is the morality behind? The Human Genome Project is a worldwide research effort ... and will be of great value to the field of medicine. The project will help us to understand and eventually treat more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect mankind. The scientific products of the human genome project will include a resource of genomic maps and DNA sequence information ...

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... " babies in its social context: parenthood. Parents hope for healthy children and, if they could afford it, make choices (such as choosing parental care) to help "engineer" healthier babies. Genetic engineering seems in this respect to offer the brightest hope for parents. Through germ-line therapy, disastrous, but genetically discrete diseases, such as Huntington's and cystic fibrosis could be removed ... purpose of heightening intelligence, education about genetics and medicine is still in its beginning. Jonathan Glover argues for a "pragmatism of risks and benefits", writing that, "The...

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... " babies in its social context: parenthood. Parents hope for healthy children and, if they could afford it, make choices (such as choosing parental care) to help "engineer" healthier babies. Genetic engineering seems in this respect to offer the brightest hope for parents. Through germ-line therapy, disastrous, but genetically discrete diseases, such as Huntington's and cystic fibrosis could be removed ... purpose of heightening intelligence, education about genetics and medicine is still in its beginning. Jonathan Glover argues for a "pragmatism of risks and benefits", writing that, "The...

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... by 2009. One of the goals of the project is improved knowledge in the area of molecular medicine. Increasingly detailed maps have aided researchers seeking genes associated with dozens of genetic conditions, including inherited colon cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and familial breast cancer. Also, molecular medicine will benefit with the improved diagnosis of disease, rational drug design, gene therapy and pharmaceutical "custom ... , courts, schools, adoption agencies, and the military, among others. For example, who should have access to personal genetic information, and how will it be u...

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... from plants to animals and even food. For more than three billion years, nature has been conducting uncountable numbers of genetic experiments. Biotechnology is a specific science that lets us find the most beneficial traits of any living life form. Researchers use recombinant DNA technology ... specialist cut DNA from different species and put the molecules from it into bacteria or other types of cells. Researchers also use genetic engineering when doing their homophone experiments. Genetic engineering means to isolate, modify and insert genes back into the same organism or back into a d...

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... surgery? Make the child perfect in the test tube, and save money later." ~ Roger Ebert "Imagine a society where everyone is more intelligent and healthier than you. Imagine a society where your genetic makeup-engineered or natural-determines the job for which you are eligible, whether or not you can be insured, and who associates with you. "-Dave Rettig At a time when we ... humans, called "valids", dominate all major aspects of society. In contrast, the naturally born humans, called "invalids", become a mistreated minority. Although all aspects of society are affected by the new geneti...

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... at Gattaca; as a result from genoism, which makes it legal to discriminate by genes. You have to be Gattaca's description of a perfect baby in order to receive a high valued job. Genetic discrimination is the main focal point in Gattaca. You must have the genes of the super race to earn respect and wealth. Paul R. Billings states that by "[ ] tracking disease genes ... , education would be offered to people demonstrating genetic intelligence, surveillance of those with hereditary behavioral disorders would increase, and manual labor might be reserved for those with genetically strong bac...

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... surgery? Make the child perfect in the test tube, and save money later." ~ Roger Ebert "Imagine a society where everyone is more intelligent and healthier than you. Imagine a society where your genetic makeup-engineered or natural-determines the job for which you are eligible, whether or not you can be insured, and who associates with you. "-Dave RettigAt a time when we read ... humans, called "valids", dominate all major aspects of society. In contrast, the naturally born humans, called "invalids", become a mistreated minority. Although all aspects of society are affected by the new ge...

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... of which are complicated, and the final outcome can depend on any one of these stages. Even this isn't the final outcome of a person's genetic make-up, which relies on two gametes formed by meiosis in two individuals. One of the earliest stages of meiosis, metaphase, involves a delicate process ... and being at such an early stage has the largest effect on the genetic make up of the would-be individual. The arrangement of chromosomes at this stage will be totally by chance with an equal probability of each ... as could be. Some could have exceptionally good skills and others not so, c...

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... are in human DNA. One recent discovery is the ability to duplicate biological material or "cloning." Cloning is when you make an exact genetic copy of something. Scientists often clone a single chromosome or DNA strand so they have more genetic material to study. In 1997, Scottish scientists were the first to successfully clone a mammal. The advancements in the study of human DNA ... and the possibility of human cloning have caused some people to question the ethics of genetic study. The Christian church in particular has protested cloning and further genetic study because it is, as the...

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... human genome. The Human Genome Project estimated to take ten to twenty years to complete. During this time its anticipated that physical and genetic maps of the human genome will be completed. The scientific products of the HGP will contain a resource of genomic maps and DNA sequence ... of adenine (A), cytose (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); these "letters" are what make up DNA. Completely sequencing the human genome would answer questions about genetic diseases, cosmetic appearance, and even personality and behavior within the human body. Information required by a cell stored is in t...

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... DNA to light up chromosomes and to create patterns on DNA chips. From the beginning of the human genome project it was clearly recognized that acquisition and use of such genetic knowledge would have momentous involvements for both individuals and society and would pose a number of consequential choices for public and professional deliberation. Whatever its justification, the human genome project ... " babies in its social context: parenthood. Parents hope for healthy children and, if they could afford it, make choices (such as choosing parental care) to help "engineer" healthier babies. ...

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... human genome. The Human Genome Project estimated to take ten to twenty years to complete. During this time its anticipated that physical and genetic maps of the human genome will be completed. The scientific products of the HGP will contain a resource of genomic maps and DNA sequence ... of adenine (A), cytose (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); these "letters" are what make up DNA. Completely sequencing the human genome would answer questions about genetic diseases, cosmetic appearance, and even personality and behavior within the human body. Information required by a cell stored is in t...

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... can be made between Jurassic Park, a fictionist book about present day dinosaurs living on earth, and The Human Genome Project, a genetic project that consists of the cloning of people and animals. Throughout history there have been many concerns about cloning and the way ... and prevention of treatment of more common illnesses such as cancer and heart disease, which often have a genetic component. "I think that many major diseases will be understood when we can get their genetic basis," Watson has said (Yount 53). "The goal of this project, which is expected to cost ... $3 billion, is...

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