... form of substance use that research on adolescents has shown to be linked towards delinquency. Winters (1998) stated that the data collected by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) showed about fifty percent of the juveniles arrested reporting recent drug use prior to their arrest. Wagner (1996) adds that the "general population studies showed a 2 to 4 fold increase in the ... reducing the chances of future delinquency. It is stated that parents who have a close relationship with their children reduce the probability of drug use (J. Brook, D. Brook, Arencibia-Mireles, Richter, & Whit...

• Word Count: 1969
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at a federal level, Gore raising the ante to a notional law outlawing racial profiling altogether (Chua-Eoan). The Governor of New Jersey, Christine Whitman took a look into the racial profiling in her state. Sure enough, statistics revealed that nearly three in every four motorists stopped on the turnpike ... been stopped and frisked at least once (Leo 16). All these studies show that police profiling might be a problem. So what's being done about it? Civil Liberties groups wants federal legislation requiring all law-enforcement agencies to track racial data from traffic stops (Drummon...

• Word Count: 1619
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... reader. Dead Man Walking was written with the highest of intellectual standards, in a way which the reader feels no bias. She presents the facts, and they are undeniable. The United States is wrongfully killing its citizens as a result of inadequate legal defense, race, wealth, and ... 61). The ACLU verifies the validity of Prejean's argument by stating that 82% of death sentences in this country involve white victims. These facts bring to the fore the racial issue involved with capital punishment. Our courts are allegedly set to give all citizens a fair trial, regardless ... in Georgia...

• Word Count: 1638
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the sniper shootings from happening" (More Gun Laws Won't Help 4). The majority of people think tougher gun laws will not help stop gun violence. According to Pennsylvania reports of firearm facts in 1999, "120 victims of firearm (28%) were 20-24 old and 69 victims (16%) were 15-19 years old" (Pennsylvanians Against Handgun Violence 1). "Legal purchase of semi-automatic and ... from 18 to 24 to reduce an half of gun related crimes. Raising the age for legal purchase of guns could also save money for the government. According to Firearm Facts report in 1999, "the total hospital costs for...

• Word Count: 1355
• Approx Pages: 5

... helps in supporting the age-old question of deterrence. (Page 74 The Death Penalty, Opposing Viewpoints) For those who need the data there is Ehrlich and Layson to provide "hard" facts while for others, all that is needed is "common sense." (Page 45, The Death Penalty) In the past decade, the amount of executions in the United States has "increased while ... of murders than states that did not enforce it. (http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/deter.html) "Common sense" is always very useful, when it comes to everyday things but studies show that facts are what are needed when deciding the fate o...

• Word Count: 1663
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to defend and protect them. Therefore banning assault weapons will not really make America safer. Nevertheless, it must be understood that gun related crime is at an all time high. Facts and figures speak for themselves. To begin with, the gun homicide rate in the United States is 20 times higher than that recorded in developed European nations. In addition, approximately ... the suicide cases excluding drug related gang shootings. To make matters worse, it is very easy for a convicted abuser to easily and legally acquire a gun. Thus, critically examining the mentioned facts, a federal ...

• Word Count: 2259
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... discretion of the judge is influenced by four groups of factors: "demographic features of sentencers, views on crime and punishment, views on the principles of sentencing and view of the facts of the case" (Hebenton & Pease, 1995, p.380). In terms of demographic features of sentencers, most judges reject the idea of ranking crimes in order of severity and instead adopt the ... form. First, the "Billam Guideline Judgement" is described: types of rape offence ordered by seriousness and a checklist for aggravating, mitigating and irrelevant factors. Second, the Appeal Court summary of orig...

• Word Count: 1468
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of the United States. Plea bargaining is that bushel basket of practices whereby a prosecutor agrees to: charge a crime or crimes less seriously than the facts warrant. Reduce a charge or charges already issued. Not issue any additional charges. Or make a sentence recommendation all in return for a guilty or a ... guilty pleas. Recognizing that reality, the Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 this week that defendants have a constitutional right to be informed by their lawyers about the possibility of a plea bargain and the implications of turning one down. The United States court system has turn...

• Word Count: 1290
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

... that the brain is made up of a part called "amygdala" which causes impulsive reactions and this part of the brain develops in an early stage ("Facts for Families Pages", 1). However, the other part, which is the frontal cortex and which is responsible for reasoning and helps individuals to evaluate their choices ... and notice the slightest errors, will develop in advanced stages of age ("Facts For Families Pages", 1). This part reforms itself during adulthood when the brain becomes fully grown (at age of 24-27). After acknowledgement of such true ... Young people aren't allowed to dr...

• Word Count: 1585
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... based upon qualitative methodologies rather than quantitative data, and so lacks validity. In spite of this, it is evident that without the use of these qualitative methodologies, such knowledge and facts of female victimisation would not have been discovered. In essence, feminist victimology has offered a great amount of understanding and knowledge to the discipline of victimology as a whole. This is because ... ...

• Word Count: 1596
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... car on fire. Hain was sentenced to death in 1988; he died at the age of 32 in 2003. Hain was the last person from all of the statistics and facts I made in the paragraph. Michael Gerardi was killed during New Orleans' bloodiest week. Gerardi was out on a date with Connie Babin. Gerardi was killed while being robbed outside out a restaurant ... ...

• Word Count: 1380
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... that Simpson had a history of domestic violence and that linked to her murder as his final act of control over Nicole Brown Simpson. I can see both sides, but not without facts. There is no proof that the evidence was planted so that theory is up in the air. The role of police has and still continues to play a huge role in ... "can a black man receive a fair trial?" we're starting to be asked. The focus on this rather than the actual facts of the case were being reported which resulted in misleading public opinion. It was more about who could have the most outrageous headline, grasp mor...

• Word Count: 2053
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... a given time is based on his discretion concerning the present danger at the time of the arrest. Discretion is the authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own judgment; allows for individualization and informality in the administration of justice. (Cole) This gives the police leeway as to when force is necessary and when it ... ...

• Word Count: 1324
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... that guns should not be controlled. The Supreme Court has been very careful in limiting the rights of individuals to carry firearms. They have also been debating about whether the framers intended the Second Amendment to apply to individuals, or to state militias. In U S v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875) the court ... owners. The liberal media seems to magnify every time a gun is used to harm an innocent person. My question is why don't we hear about when a woman uses her gun to shoot and kill an intruder whom would have raped and killed her? Or the man that defends his family ... chil...

• Word Count: 2277
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... that guns should not be controlled. The Supreme Court has been very careful in limiting the rights of individuals to carry firearms. They have also been debating about whether the framers intended the Second Amendment to apply to individuals, or to state militias. In U S v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875) the court ... owners. The liberal media seems to magnify every time a gun is used to harm an innocent person. My question is why don't we hear about when a woman uses her gun to shoot and kill an intruder whom would have raped and killed her? Or the man that defends his family ... chil...

• Word Count: 2182
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... and the incident is a homicide I conduct a be-on-the-lookout or (BOLO). I instruct the arriving officer to provide other officers in route with as much information as possible about the suspect such as age, race, sex, clothing, scars, tattoos, and physically noticeable characteristics. The other two assisting officers will provide surrounding officers with more information ... and the evidence is bagged I am ready to submit it to the crime laboratory. I will be the one transporting the evidence since I am the head investigator and I know more about the crime scene than other surrounding ...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Local politics, money, race, and where the crime was committed often play an important role in sentencing someone and in many cases they play a more decisive role than the actual facts of the crime. According to Amnesty International, "the death penalty is a lethal lottery: just one out of every one hundred people arrested for murder is actually executed" (Death Penalty Focus ... ...

• Word Count: 1759
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... crime is one of the most important problems in the United States today. The facts are out there and they are not good at all. Just knowing the facts is not enough, though. To be able to do something about juvenile crime it is important to know when, why and how the youths ... in arrests for violent crimes such as murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault (Sickmund 17). Whites made up of about sixty nine percent of the total arrests in 1995, followed by blacks with twenty eight percent, Asians with two percent and Native Americans with one ... have used a gun in committing a...

• Word Count: 1792
• Approx Pages: 7

... , pain, and fear of death in the terminally ill; they also have demonstrated some potential, as yet unconfirmed, to aid in the treatment of alcoholism" (Inciardi/McElrath, 294). From these facts, it is clearly proven that doctors use illicit drugs on many patients. It makes patients relaxed and free of pain. "Indeed, in a recent informal poll, some 48 percent of cancer ... ...

• Word Count: 1656
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of police increased the crime rate, instead, grew (Coles). By the 1980's all of the criminal justice system was adequately doing their job and crime rates were unaffected (Coles). These facts lead one to believe that the criminal justice system must not only focus on employing a proper number of people, but also must direct their attention toward the causes of crime ... ...

• Word Count: 1667
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the prisons are getting so crowded. When the U.S. Department of Justice studied all the available criminal records of those that were on death row they found out some pretty interesting facts. Sixty-seven percent of the people on death row were convicted of a previous felony. Every two out of five of them committed their capital offense while they were on parole ... ...

• Word Count: 1295
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... remember one thing; correlation does not equal causation. A very safe and logical theory is my own. I believe the causation of criminality is a combination. French Sociologist, Emille Durkheim once said "Social facts must have social explanations." The sociological theory of crime had the unquestioned support of prominent editorialists commentators, politicians, and most thoughtful people. Most intellectuals agree, that criminality is, in at ... ...

• Word Count: 1703
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... punishments. A law professor at Emory University said, "In states, at least nine of ten cases in felonies plead guilty; for misdemeanors 99%-plus plead guilty. About the same number in federal systems, 91% of felonies" (http://els41.law.emory.edu/sites/crimpro/notes/ch17notes.html). The fact that so many cases are ... that he will be charged and later regret not taking it. The most controversial bargain is the fact bargain where they agree to change facts, like amount of drugs, in exchange for a guilty plea. Most fact bargains are made when the defendant agrees to be a witness against s...

• Word Count: 1900
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... cases such as these in the future. Cases in the Film Roy Criner The film, "The Case for Innocence" begins with the story about Roy Criner. In 1990, Roy Criner was sent to prison for 99 years for the rape and murder of 16-year-old Deanna Ogg. ... Finally, there have been issues with reliability of DNA testing. In a later case, State v. Bloom (1994), the judge issuing the opinion was concerned about the "source probability error" where DNA "experts" based their arguments on statistics which are in turn, are subject to errors and mistakes. Consequently jurors and ... case, the defendants w...

• Word Count: 2065
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... robbers and assaulters- which would only result in a higher crime rate ("Should People Carry a Gun- 257). However, the assumption that easy access to guns causes crimes is refuted by the facts. The research conducted by the National Institute of Justice in 31 American states revealed that the states which have laws allowing the citizens to carry concealed firearms have 24 percent ... ) and often repeated claim that every day 12 children die in a gun-related accidents appeal to emotions rather than reason and do not provide enough evidence to reveal the truth about lethal accidents involv...

• Word Count: 1691
• Approx Pages: 7