1. Proof of Dualism
... under any circumstances be characterized as physical events. One argument proving this is the Foresight and Expectation argument by traditional dualist C. E. M. Joad which goes as follows: Premise 1: Humans have thoughts of the future and are influenced by them. Premise 2: Such a thought cannot be caused by any physical stimulus because the "future" by definition is not a material event. Conclusion 3: Thus we ... mind exists separate from the body. ( Klemke 168-169) This argument is both valid and sound and thus efficiently discredits Hobbes" argument. My overall criticism of the Materi...
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