... of the things that we have to distinguish in Plato's ideas is the distinction between the Forms and the material world. The Forms are the ideal or "perfect equivalent" of everything that exists. The material world is the world in which we live which consists of everything being reasonable approximations of an ideal Form. ... Plato believed that for every single thing there is in the material world, there is a perfect form of it in an ideal world or "realm." One of Plato's examples of this is his idea of beauty. ... He explains that true beauty cannot exist in the material world because ...

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Aristotle considers nature as the primary reality. In nature there are four elements. They are earth, air, fire and water. These are the material conditions that develop something alive. They take part in everything in nature. They are everlasting since they do not change themselves but they are able to create and destroy other ... producing a chair that doesn't exist by itself in nature, but its components do. Human art is imitation of nature. The first cause is the Material Cause, which is the material from which a thing is made. Wood is the material cause of a chair. The second cause is t...

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Monism and pluralism both are examples of materialism. Materialism is a kind of metaphysical theory that asserts that reality, the universe, is made of some kind of material stuff. Monism is a term that describes any philosophy that denies that they are many separate beings in the universe. It is also known as a metaphysical theory that attempts to reduce ... each other. Monism states that if you analyze the universe at its deepest level, it is only composed of one fundamental kind of stuff. There are many types of monism. Material monism is a main one. Before the inventions of technology we...

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... human experience is absurd. Forms are not abstractions on a proverbial pedestal but mere duplicates of things witnessed in ordinary daily life. I say the Forms are not inherent to their representative material objects, but created separately and placed apart from the objects themselves. Thus, Plato's idea that the Forms are perfect and intangible to subjective human experience, is meaningless, for all standards ... of Good changes with time and individual perceptions and cannot (as Plato felt) exist forever as a concrete standard. In general, I agree with Plato's notion that the immater...

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... know the mind is not able to exist without a body; however, it is very possible for the body to exist without a mind. Plato splits up existence into two realms: the material area and the transcendent area of forms. Humans have access to the realm of forms through the mind, through reason, given Plato's theory of the subdivisions of the human soul ... . This gives them admission to a fixed world, impenetrable to the pains and changes of the material world. By detaching ourselves from the material world and our bodies and developing our ability to concern ourselves with the forms, we find ...

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... which remind us of poetic ideas" for an object to be beautiful, "it is necessary that its form contain nothing superfluous, but only the material conditions which make it useful: we must take into account both the material and the use which will be made of it." "the most important requirement for an object that is to be considered beautiful is that ... of the relationship between the parts and the whole, and between each part and each other part" He related the esthetics of the object to the mechanical properties of the material employed. On Color Ornamentation has been, is, and will be...

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... to my own. Money is a tool that can make everyone's life easier, and more enjoyable. Let me go to extreme and visualize that I have a purchasing power to buy all the material and physical goods I want in the world. However, regardless all of that I still haven't found my "second half," which would make me a truly happy person. In that case I think that ... candidate on your wife. That rich person will never be sure if the lady who he married decided to be with him because of his personality or because of his material status. I also thing that people like that always had to live with tha...

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... their purposes. Aristotle, who believed as a scientist that a focus on understanding the observable world was the priority, explained reality and entelechy by the four causes. The first cause is the Material Cause, which is literally the physical components of which something is made; the second cause is the Efficient Cause, which is the method by which something is brought into existence ... what something actually is, and the fourth cause is the Final Cause, which is essentially the purpose for which something exists. Using the same example of a chair, some of the material causes woul...

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... is possible for it to fulfill its internal purpose, and how it maintains its identity throughout the continuous change. These causes are the material cause, formal cause, efficiency cause, and the final cause. The first cause is the material cause. This cause explains that matter is made out of the same matter that it came from. For example, when a bird is born ... ...

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... Ethics, Aristotle's ideas conflict with those of Plato many times. First, and probably most significant, Aristotle rejects Plato's idea of form and instead believes that things can't exist outside of material objects. Aristotle believes goodness lies in the physical world. This is a direct contrast to Plato's devaluing of the physical world and the idea that all ... material things constantly strive to be better or closer to the ideal form. In this book, Aristotle also examines virtue and draws the conclusion that virtue takes practice, teaching, and time, ... ...

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... from it. Good has always been loved, so transversely, cause of fear equals love. In reply to the third objection, Aquinas points out that love causes fear by way of material disposition. When one loves something with his heart, he sees that as which can take it away as evil. Evil is the cause of fear, so love is the cause ... , and power drive fear away" (Rhet. ii, 5). Therefore fear is caused by lack of these." Aquinas believes that that which causes fear has two methods. One is by way of material disposition, which is the part of the individual that is fearful. This is due perhaps to a...

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... . In Aristotle's opening statement he is saying that happiness is the best good there is, which was an idea that was universally agreed by everyone, although with the invention of material goods, there has been debate about the legitimacy of this statement. To give a better viewpoint on his statement Aristotle gave examples of what in his day constituted as humans being ... ...

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... is only determined after death. Eudaimonia is also often compared to hedonism, but, again, this is a misunderstanding. Hedonism is self centered, focusing on the the attainment of brief satisfaction through material and physical things, while eudaimonia is other centered, emphasising life fulfillment. Directly translated from Ancient Greek, Eudaimonia means "good spirit" ("eu" meaning "good" and "daimōn" meaning "spirit,") but ... ...

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... that music encompassed the study of the relationship of these proportions to the physical world. The third step was philosophy The third step was philosophy, which applied reason to the material world, and then came up with certain qualities that were beyond the thing itself. The fourth step was Natural theology, which introduced the question of whether or not one could ... ...

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... one that does the changing instead of actually changing himself. Aristotle also had a view of the four causes involved in explaining the existence of things in general. They are the Material Cause, which is the matter or stuff something is made up of; next is the Formal Cause, is its essence or what ness; the Moving Cause is what brings the ... ...

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... to particular things. He believed that there was no Form without matter and vice versa. According to Aristotle, there are four principles that are necessary to explain any given thing: 1. Material cause - the matter something consists of 2. Formal cause - its essence 3. Efficient cause - what brings it into being 4. Final cause - its purpose (Example - a candle: wax is the matter, the candle is ... ...

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... a purposive structure. He also said all things have four causes and the causes are the answer to four questions: 1. What is it? FORMAL CAUSE (form) 2. What is it made of? MATERIAL CAUSE (matter) 3. How did it come to exist? EFFICIENT CAUSE (relates to how substances act upon one another) 4. What is it for? FINAL CAUSE (for what end or purpose) Through ... ...

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... , you need love, family, friends, and good, honest support. Without the love and support receive from surrounding people, couldn't survive. Some people strive for money, and are happy with their material goods. Many strive for excellence in everything they do, and that brings them happiness. It's pretty safe to say that everyone in the United States would love to be rich ... ...

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... go on to be one of the most famous horses ever to live and he rode it in all of his many battles. Alexander wasn't just all brawn and fighting material he had to get his education too, his father gave him the most expensive education life could offer. King Philip Hired the Greek Philosopher and scientist Aristotle to be Alexander ... ...

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... philosophy and despised natural philosophy (that is, science) as an inferior and unworthy sort of knowledge. He was fond of mathematics because of its abstractions and its separation from the material. He believed that mathematics in its ideal form could still be applied to the heavens. The heavenly bodies, as he thought to be true, were in perfect geometric form; he ... ...

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... , goods of the body, and goods of the soul. He goes on to say that goods of the soul (virtues) are the most important because with them, a person can gain material wealth and pleasure. Aristotle defines happiness and therefore the good life as the realization and perfect exercise of excellence. Meaning that ultimate happiness occurs when a person's actions are all-virtuous ... ...

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... their discussions of nature and MATTER. I will not spend a lot of time on this subject or have much on it on the test; rather, I want to cover it as background material for the discussion of change. (The only philosophy we will study in this course is Western philosophy the philosophy of Western civilization, beginning in ancient Greece. We will not have ... ...

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... that on meeting others whose interests oppose his own, conflict is bound to occur. What could be the cause of this conflict in interest? The world has its limits; all material wealth within it is exhaustible. Who therefore, gets how large a share, of those resources, which are present on the earth in limited supply? If man were permitted to act on ... ...

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