... year before the death penalty was reinstated in Texas ("Justice For All" 6). All of these studies indicate that implementation of the death penalty correlates with a drop in the homicide rate. A study by Stephen K. Layton at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill showed that each execution deters an average of eighteen murders (Lowe 1). By increasing the use of the death penalty ... "Hyam Barshay said, "The death penalty is a warning, just like a lighthouse throwing beams out to sea. We hear about shipwrecks, but we do not hear about the ships the lighthouse guides safely on their ...

• Word Count: 4548
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... year before the death penalty was reinstated in Texas ("Justice For All" 6). All of these studies indicate that implementation of the death penalty correlates with a drop in the homicide rate. A study by Stephen K. Layton at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill showed that each execution deters an average of eighteen murders (Lowe 1). By increasing the use of the death penalty ... "Hyam Barshay said, "The death penalty is a warning, just like a lighthouse throwing beams out to sea. We hear about shipwrecks, but we do not hear about the ships the lighthouse guides safely on their ...

• Word Count: 3831
• Approx Pages: 15

... a racial bias in removing African Americans from juries in death penalty cases has occurred in 96 of North Carolina's 100 counties. Also, this study showed that prosecutors were more than twice as likely to remove qualified African Americans from a jury as members of any other race for more than ... down. Nearly all the death row inmates of North Carolina have filed a claim under the Racial Justice Act. A great example of how this study really helped show the importance of the Racial Justice Act of North Carolina was the state of North Carolina vs. Marcus Robinson. This was one of ... M...

• Word Count: 2866
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... and substantial evidence of guilt. Bedau & Radelet, both opponents, "consistently presented incomplete and misleading accounts of the evidence." (Markman, Stephen J. & Cassell, Paul G., "Protecting the Innocent: A Response to the Bedau-Radelet Study" 41, 1 Stanford Law Review, 11/88). The remaining 11 cases represent 0.14% of the 7,800 executions, which have taken place since 1900. And, there is, in fact, no proof that ... in the "no capital punishment" category. Indeed, their claims of innocence, regarding the remaining 139 of those 350 cases, should be suspect, given this study's poor...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... higher than in traditional courts, cases were concluded quicker than in traditional courts and the rate of case disposition at arraignment was higher than in traditional courts (Casey 2005) "A case study of a Salt Lake County court, located in Salt Lake City, Utah, explored, in detail, professional stakeholders' perceptions of how a domestic violence court operates similarly and differently from the ... , Julie Galbo-Moyes, and Robin Jacobs, finds that problem-solving courts are able to reduce the overcrowded court dockets and are successful at introducing a more intensive judicial super...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... several key behavioral and childhood similarities among this sub-group of homicide perpetrators including: physical and psychological abuse, neglect, and violent fantasy creations. These conclusions tend to dominate the study of serial murder and its creation, often neglecting other possible contributions. This data brings up the question then of why only a handful of the many abused children become serial ... fretted over (Fox and Levin, 1999). Past studies have often looked at childhood and home environment to establish a corollary to their current behavior. Ressler, Burgess, Douglas,...

• Word Count: 5564
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... parents about contributing factors and warning signs. According to Lipsey, Wilson and Cothern (2000), there were several treatment modalities that demonstrated positive effects. This study observed consistent, positive effects among non-institutionalized juvenile offenders through the employment of individual counseling, improvement of interpersonal skills (including problem solving, role taking and ... These statistics suggest that racial disparities in the juvenile justice process may lead to the overrepresentation of minority youths in secure confinements. According to a recent OJJDP...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... everyone, that is why there needs to be choices. Another necessary change within the juvenile justice system is that the system needs to acknowledge patterns among the juvenile offenders. In a study done by Potter and Jenson, they established that there is a possibility of "stable patterns among the mental health, substance use and delinquent behaviors" of offending youths (59). If a specific pattern ... (Frontline 13). Equally, they are more likely to receive longer sentences when an African-American commits the same crime along with having a similar criminal background to a white juve...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... several reasons that individuals might accept a plea bargain including pressure from the prosecutor, indirect and direct pressure, and likelihood of conviction. For example, a study conducted by Bordens and Bassett was a quantitative assessment of circumstances in which people would take a plea bargain[Bor851]. In order to conduct their research they ... 67 males and 62 females who recently had felony charges in their record and agreed to accept a plea bargain. The participants in the study were between the ages of 19 and 48 and were mixed between employed and unemployed. Bordens and Ba...

• Word Count: 3937
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... tolerance policies and the use of alternative methods of ensuring school safety "beyond the scope of the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994" (Insley, 2001). A study published by the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing (2011) more specifically examined the unintended negative consequences of zero-tolerance policies in schools and explores an innovative alternative ... number of court referrals from schools. The author argues that this harsh response, to what he asserts to be normative adolescent behavior, is misinformed and counterproductive. This case study evaluates the Clayto...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... The conventional wisdom, of course, holds that such prohibition will reduce teen smoking. All fifty states prohibit cigarette sales to minors, but a study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine (Rigotti and others 1997) finds that such laws are rarely enforced. To determine whether stronger enforcement ... sible to determine whether the enforcement efforts or the general decline caused the outcome reported. The findings of the later, more careful study by Rigotti and others (1997) strongly suggest that the general decline of teen smoking occurring at the time of the earlier stud...

• Word Count: 3739
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... a growing interest in the geography crime. According to Georges (1978: 2), the geography of crime involves methods and theoretical foundations that make this research different from other approaches that study violence and corruption. The importance of this type of social science focus is that is associates the practice of anti-social relations with the spatial distribution of their negative effects ... a spatial or geographic view is essential to permit a useful assessment of the aspects of violence. During the nineteenth century, government officials and researchers used crime maps to...

• Word Count: 5510
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... perceptions on the public. The common thought is that playing violent video games gives people, especially youths, the propensity to commit delinquent acts of violence. The study by Ferguson and Olson (2014) did an intensive study on the aggression and delinquency in videogames with youths already problematic symptoms and found that, "violent video games were associated with neither delinquent criminality nor ... or attention deficit symptoms" (p.132). These results are just one of many that oppose the idea that violence in video games cause violence in those who play them. Another stud...

• Word Count: 2700
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey conducted by the ABS in 1994 found that assault was five times more prevalent amongst Indigenous Australians than non-Indigenous Australians (ABS 1995c). A study of the rates of victimisation of Indigenous Australians found that Aboriginal women were 10.7 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than non-Aboriginal women (Harding et al ... sexual contact, or the relationship around the acts, or if they accepted inducements used in a process of seduction (Hawkins & Briggs 1995, p. 18). Non-Reporting by Sexual Minorities According to a ...

• Word Count: 3415
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... times likely to be arrested and booked on assault charge[s]" (ONDCP 2000). Where punishment often fails, appropriate and high-quality drug treatment often works. A study conducted for the White House's Office of National Drug Control Policy, for example, found treatment to be 15 times more cost-effective than law enforcement at ... reducing cocaine abuse. Imprisonment costs an average of $30,000 per person per year, while treatment can cost as little as $4,000. (Another study found that every additional dollar invested in substance abuse treatment saves taxpayers more than seven dollars ...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

From the late 1980s, research on gender, crime and social issues, has hugely focused on the study of masculinity, and how there has become a correlation between masculinity and violence. Feminists have researched extensively on all types associated with gender, including gay and lesbian, thus acting towards the ... about skinhead culture, which defined the concept that there was a violent association with masculinity and white working-class males (Nayak, 1999). Phillippe Bourgois' conducted a 2003 study of Puerto Rico migrants, illustrating this argument of subcultures. This study involved s...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... women have completed the About Face Program (Kennedy, 81). It has been a very successful program in turning participant's lives around. A formal study on the program's recidivism rate is difficult due to problems with developing a control group. However, an informal study suggest the recidivism rate of participants is less than 10 percent within the first six months (Kennedy, 81). In New York, the ... , 9). In addition to improved behavior, inmates showed elevated levels of self-esteem. They also showed improved social skills and problem solving abilities. A ten year study by the Nationa...

• Word Count: 2795
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... while serving time your loved ones could decide to move on and replace or reject you. In a movie I watch called the Stanford Prison Study the inmates in the mock jail started to become detached with the reality that it was only an experiment therefore after only six days of ... in comparison to the death rate of males in the general population. Researchers from Queens University in Kingston, Ontario were the group that conducted the study. The newspaper article states that the research group "covered a nine year period, and concluded that inmates in Ontario died at a much higher rate ... ...

• Word Count: 3832
• Approx Pages: 15

... leglislation was to reduce the availability of firearms, on the assumption that there is a "positive relationship between availability and use". In Robert J. Mundt's study, when compared with the United States, trends in Canada over the past ten years in various types of violent crime, suicide, and accidental death show no ... dramatic results, "and few suggestions of perceptible effects of the 1977 Canadian gun control legislation". The only positive effect , Mundt, found in the study was the decrease in the use of firearms in robbery with comparion to trends in the United States . Info...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... or pertaining to demographics. I also want to get some statistics on demographics and crime rates. I found some information on demographics and crime rate but they were for adolescents and my study is about juveniles, so I felt that the information was not useful to me. I found some statistics on juveniles and included in the other part of my paper. If I were to ... do this study over again I would definitely try to try to get to other libraries and see what kind of information they have. Also I would recommend that maybe if someone was to do ... this study over they would try to get s...

• Word Count: 3369
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... may be held responsible, though a corporation cannot be imprisoned. The most controversial issue in regard to the study of corporate crime revolves around the question of whether corporate crime is "really crime." Corporate officials, politicians, and many criminologists object to the ... criminological study of corporate criminality on the strictest sense of the word. The conventional and strictly legal definition of crime is that it ... public. The idea for the Pinto, as has been noted, was conceived by Mr. Iacocco [sic], the Executive Vice President of Ford. The feasibility study was ...

• Word Count: 3718
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... can be guaranteed media exposure (Elsevier, 2010). It is important to consider both historical and recent examples of moral panics in order to understands its effects on society. In a case study on moral panics, three non-identical studies were analysed from several situations and after a certain amount of time from the actual crime. Stanley Cohen described a moral panic as: "A condition, episode ... manned by editors, bishops, politicians and other right-thinking people; socially accredited experts pronounce their diagnoses and solutions; ways of coping are evolved or (more often) reso...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... children, most schools have difficulty playing multiple roles as educators, surrogate parents, social service, or law-enforcement agencies ( Ross, 2012). A large study shows one in three students between 6th and 10th grades are either bullies or victimized by bullies. Another study found by high school, 25% of students fear victimization by their peers. Several states now require schools to have policies against ... 2008, nearly a third of which were for "physical misconduct- (Odgers, 2009). In South Australia, 175 violent attacks against students or staff were recorded in 2008("School ...

• Word Count: 2600
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to deal with a very likely event is necessary but the family's grief is unavoidable. The article titled "The Remains of the Workday" describes an in depth study of nineteen police officers and their spouses. The study surveyed the officer's levels of stress what they brought home and their spouses reactions to their behavior. The findings are summed up by two officers who ... with being in danger on the job and suicide seems to be the only way to alleviate these high levels of stress. Last officers have access to firearms and in a study ninety five percent of officers took their lives w...

• Word Count: 3727
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... percent of their crimes were committed at seventeen, sixty-three percent are minorities, and have been on death row from a few months to more than twenty-one years. Lewis conducted a study of fourteen of the thirty-seven offenders on death row in the US and 100% of the juveniles had head injuries in their childhood and 100% of the offenders also ... of the death penalty for juveniles. 2. Cullen, F. T., Scott, J. E., & Skovron, S. E. (1989). The Death Penalty for Juveniles: An Assessment of Public Support. Crime & Delinquency, 35 (4), 546-561. B. The article provided a research based stu...

• Word Count: 4558
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography