... music, post cards, greeting cards, and other ephemeral items. These types of materials may exist in specific collections such as those listed below, but ephemeral and popular materials are often standard component in most collections. Nineteenth and early 20th century sheet music, postcards, and advertisements document the narrow stereotyping of African-American women as mammies, earth mothers, and seducers. More ... to racist and sexist messages. As with documentary photographs, both the creator and the intended audience of the material must be considered when interpreting the significan...

• Word Count: 1267
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... as well as Native American societies. One difference is that while Native American dance and music remains popular within the Native population at Pow-wows and other similar events, it has not influenced popular culture that much. African American music roots, however have led to many popular music revolutions. Simple field hollers of the cotton fields of a single person singing out a changing line ... influential religious and social leader to leading actor and activist to a leading astrophysicist, the African-American culture has brought many great ideas to the United States. Classroo...

• Word Count: 2111
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... People of all walks of life gravitated to the Harlem night life, but there was a striking dichotomy between the Harlemites, and their wealthy visitors. Most Harlemites could not attend the top dollar night clubs, so to make extra money they held " rent parties" which held a small entrance fee to ... theses rent parties. Writers of the Harlem Renaissance were constantly surround by plays and theater witch facilitated a positive creative atmosphere. "Shuffle along" was a popular musical that played on Broadway for an entire year, and stared an entirely black cast. These plays that were writ...

• Word Count: 1365
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... in lively discussions. It was for them an exotic experience to venture into Harlem's clubs. Harlem became a fad for middle class, whit, New York. Musicals and plays about blacks became popular as well. The musical "Shuffle Along" became an important hit on Broadway. Music, especially jazz was another very important aspect of the Harlem Renaissance. People flocked to clubs to see ... performances by Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong, and Duke Ellington. Black music became very popular all over the United States and Europe. White People came to Harlem in droves. White celebrities worked hard ...

• Word Count: 2437
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... "deviant" conduct? It is primarily African-American males who have received this unjust brand as a lazy and foolish species of the "popular culture." The popular culture has often been referred to as the ways in which the working class and other non-dominant groups express themselves culturally. The ... from the media's ignorance and indecent portrayals. Several new hip-hop themed films and TV shows are recycling old stereotypes such as: Malibu's Most Wanted, Scary Movie, and HBO's Da Ali G Show. These movies broadcast tainted images and indecent depictions of black men in order to ......

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... spokesperson for the NOI by his leader, Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm X's blatant advocacy for the fair treatment of Black Americans through Islam was extremely popular. Malcolm X began his public advocacy for black Americans on the streets of Harlem New York. Malcolm X told people at his speeches that ... Malcolm X spoke about issues that appeased the Black community and made them think about race in American differently. Not only did Malcolm X provide a popular and controversial perspective on race, power, and religion in America, but he also spoke his message with a great amount of emphasi...

• Word Count: 1673
• Approx Pages: 7

... began performing professionally as a dancer. While traveling the south and mid-west, she met Ma Rainey, "The Mother of Blues". She joined the most influential agency handling black artists, Theater Owners" Booking Association (TOBA). In February 1923, Bessie recorded for Columbia Record Company. Her songs "Down-hearted Blues ... Street clubs. Emma eventually formed her own band in 1961, called "Sweet Emma the Bell Gal and Her Dixieland Jazz Band". Some of their most famous songs were "I"m Alone Because I Love You", "Clarinet Marmalade", and "Little Liza Jane". Health problems began to p...

• Word Count: 1726
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... the musical traditions of American blacks. Americans hold a rich artistic background, expressively reflecting the circumstances and times of ones place. Of these creative endeavors, the most cultural and uniquely American music is the art of Jazz. Jazz music is a musically composed story. It is a feeling through the infusion of complex ... Jazz piece, the song is often just a starting point or frame of reference for the musicians to improvise around. The song might have been a popular ditty or blues that they didn't compose, but by the time they were finished with it they had composed a...

• Word Count: 1887
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... a street musician in Chattanooga. In 1912 she joined a traveling show as a dancer and singer. By the early 1920s she was one of the most popular Blues singers. In 1923 she recorded on Columbia with Clarence Williams. The record sold more than 750,000 copies that year. Throughout the 1920s she recorded ... one of the largest organized groups in America at the time. (Sparticus.com) Inventions Airplanes were used during WWI for air attacks and became more popular during the 20's. People would do stunts and tricks on them for entertainment. The airplane was also used to transport mail. It mad...

• Word Count: 2175
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... a street musician in Chattanooga. In 1912 she joined a traveling show as a dancer and singer. By the early 1920s she was one of the most popular Blues singers. In 1923 she recorded on Columbia with Clarence Williams. The record sold more than 750,000 copies that year. Throughout the 1920s she recorded ... one of the largest organized groups in America at the time. (Sparticus.com) Inventions Airplanes were used during WWI for air attacks and became more popular during the 20's. People would do stunts and tricks on them for entertainment. The airplane was also used to transport mail. It mad...

• Word Count: 2175
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... a street musician in Chattanooga. In 1912 she joined a traveling show as a dancer and singer. By the early 1920s she was one of the most popular Blues singers. In 1923 she recorded on Columbia with Clarence Williams. The record sold more than 750,000 copies that year. Throughout the 1920s she recorded ... one of the largest organized groups in America at the time. (Sparticus.com) Inventions Airplanes were used during WWI for air attacks and became more popular during the 20's. People would do stunts and tricks on them for entertainment. The airplane was also used to transport mail. It mad...

• Word Count: 2175
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... everything in. The outfit was not totally complete unless the proper types of gloves were worn. The glove was an important factor to any outfit. Most gloves that were worn during the day were leather and covered the wrist. The type of shoe that was seen was a thin stiletto heel. The ... evening collections consisted of dresses that are seen today, mostly at Christmas time, proms, and formal events. The most common was a strapless, tight-bodice, full bouffant, dress that came in a range of colors of blues to reds. The dress was again incomplete if it ... a time when visual stimulation o...

• Word Count: 2176
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... began performing professionally as a dancer. While traveling the south and mid-west, she met Ma Rainey, "The Mother of Blues". She joined the most influential agency handling black artists, Theater Owners" Booking Association (TOBA). In February 1923, Bessie recorded for Columbia Record Company. Her songs "Down-hearted Blues ... Street clubs. Emma eventually formed her own band in 1961, called "Sweet Emma the Bell Gal and Her Dixieland Jazz Band". Some of their most famous songs were "I"m Alone Because I Love You", "Clarinet Marmalade", and "Little Liza Jane". Health problems began to p...

• Word Count: 1683
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... by his father's scheme, but he did love him and, despite what he said about his future, really wouldn't have leave him ("Network and Cable"). They were rated the 6th most popular show during the 1971-72 season, and 10th during the 1976-77 season. The stereotype was still there, but realistic views were appearing on the show of realistic lives of ... times, but there was always plenty of love in the family. The famous catch phrase from J.J ,Dy-No-Mite became very popular in the mid 1970s (Ingram "Good Times"). During the first season, Good Times was the 17th most popular show ("20 Most")...

• Word Count: 1691
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... neighborhood, thus being the reason it was referred to as Dynamite Hill in reference to the occasional bomb attacks. Angela Davis was raised very different from most children. She was pressed into fighting for civil rights as early in life as elementary school. She was raised to be an activist. Not only ... the shootout was traced back to her. She then went into hiding after having defied the arrest warrant, which put her on the FBI's top ten most wanted list. She was captured about 3 weeks later and formally charged despite not actually being present at the shootout. Upon being arrested...

• Word Count: 1404
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the following racial conflicts: apartheid in South Africa, the American civil rights movement, and the treatment of aboriginals in Canada. One of the most intriguing, and publicized events of racism in the past century has been the South African policy of apartheid, (the Afrikaans term for separateness). ... as communists and traitors and were thrown in jail or sentenced to die. What makes apartheid so intriguing is the fact that, unlike most events of racial oppression, the minority is oppressing the majority. The white population was vastly outnumbered by the blacks, but the whites were...

• Word Count: 1377
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... celebrating black unity and beauty. After leaving Africa, Hughes headed for Paris. Paris at that time was home to an array of black American musicians and entertainers. Jazz was especially popular in France. His passion for jazz affected his approach to poetry. Langston Hughes's return to New York in 1924 signaled the beginning of his fame. Publishing his jazz-tinged poems ... accepted the fact that he was homosexual; he was surprised himself to find himself in love with a woman. He had a love affair. It wasn't his first, but it was the most serious. It ended when Hughes was unable to c...

• Word Count: 1295
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Today's billboard charts are dominated by music icons like Ludicrous, Beyonce, and 50 cent. A lot has changed in the current wave of popular music compared to the lyrics and artists of precedent decades. In earlier years, the message in songs were commonly about life and love, or war and depression (Linclon and Soven ... Michael Rich, a pediatrician and former filmmaker. "More than 150,000 arrests of adolescents for violent crimes occur and rise each year." At Harvard University students did a study on the four most popular music networks, Black Entertainment Television, Country Music Televi...

• Word Count: 1365
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... would sing praises and encouragement while working in the fields. During the Civil Rights Movement many black artist and old Negro Spiritual songs became extremely popular during marches. One song that was sung a lot during the Civil Rights Movement was The Black National Anthem, Lift Every Voice And Sing ... industry and 70 percent of the cotton utilized as a part of British mills Slave codes showed lawful authorizes over the dark populace, for the most part setting cruel limitations on slaves' opportunity and giving slave-managers total control over their slaves(Slave Codes). Many atta...

• Word Count: 2190
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

... is important to assess the cultural atmosphere during which a film is released. The Celluloid Alamo claims that "[m]ovies provide a looking glass through which historians can observe the popular mood of the audience." Moreover, the Celluloid Alamo explains that films are often leveraged by "[p]roducers, directors, writers, and censors" to advance their political and ... children, The Lion King reinforced these stereotypes in minds of rising generations. Comparable to the crows in Dumbo, these villainous hyenas have distinct African American characteristics. Perhaps the most notable chara...

• Word Count: 1585
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... shows dealing with issues of race and the history of minorities are not only aired during black history month, though. They have become popular throughout the year. Channels from NBC to MTV to Nickelodeon air programs that are created to inform the population about its diverse history. ... shows that deal with racial issues and which bring minority culture into the foreground. Television stations that are directed towards younger generations have become the most persistent in airing program that display minority culture to its audience. MTV's show "The Real World" consists of young peop...

• Word Count: 1776
• Approx Pages: 7

... grammar, and history (Smith & Giovanni; 197). DuBois was the only black student in a class of 12 to attend school and was very popular with his white classmates. DuBois graduated at age 16 as class valedictorian in 1885, and gave a speech about Wendell Phillips, which was praised in ... teaching, DuBois wrote and studied Negro morality, urbanization, crime, Negroes in business, college-bred Negroes, and the Negro church. He produced his most popular book, The Souls of Black Folk in 1903. It discussed the meaning of being black in America at the turn of the century and ... the central pr...

• Word Count: 1675
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... for someone so young. His parents, James Hughes and Carolina Mercer Langston, separated when he was a very young boy in 1903. He spent most of his youth moving around to different households, by either living with his mother or grandmother. When Langston turned six he moved to Topeka, ... strong intellectual abilities. He received a grade of "excellent" on his first report card. Langston continued to succeed throughout his education through highschool. He remained popular in class, was a star athlete, and was known as the class poet. He was an excellent student all around. Even though Hu...

• Word Count: 1483
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... class produced innovative students who utilized their skills for family and employments purposes" (27). The school did not hide the fact that most African America females in America would go on to work in the homes of the white citizens but Central used this fact and implemented ... current events. The Saint Augustine Catholic church at the intersection of Broadway and Fourteenth Street commenced building on July 10th, 1869. Another largely popular church in the Louisville area was The Broadway Temple which had, "stained glass windows that also list church members as benefactors per windo...

• Word Count: 1444
• Approx Pages: 6

... the rest of the world. The more Garvey showed his face and delivered speeches the more people of black America began taking a liking to his movement. What made him such a popular figure during the time was his quest to liberate black people. Those who favored segregation over separation especially took a likening to him. Garvey was aware that in order for Negroes ... in many other countries such as the Caribbean, Central America, Canada, and throughout Europe, and Africa. "At its peak, the publication had a circulation of two hundred thousand and was the most popular black newspaper in ...

• Word Count: 2365
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School