... to struggle with their fate; Armies won battles when he spoke, and out of Chaos sprang the state." (8). A British historian, N.G.L. Hammond, said about Alexander, "A most remarkable quality of Alexander's was the concern for his men. No conqueror had so few causalities in battle, and the reason was that Alexander avoided "the battle of rats" by using his brains not just to win, but to win ... economically." Both Alexander and Washington had excellent strategizing skills that helped them win many battles. These two ... men have proved themselves to be riskful, genius, beneficial leaders...

• Word Count: 1451
• Approx Pages: 6

... he was upset about the outrageous lie his wife told him and he refused to accept her apology. Out of anger, Gwendolyn started to strike her husband with a baseball bat and killed him. At trial, Hoyt pleaded temporary insanity. The all-male jurors deliberated for less than thirty minutes and sentenced her to thirty years of hard labor. Mrs. Hoyt had suffered mental and physical abuse and showed neurotic behavior ... but the male jurors still did not take that in consideration when they made their decision. She appealed her ... ...

• Word Count: 1906
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... that "any literary merit that the book may have is far outweighed by the pornographic and smutty passages and words" (Koger 188). The Post Office stated that the book was "filthy, offensive and degrading," and taken as a whole, the book is "an obscene and filthy work." There were even accusations of Lawrence being a pornographer. During the remainder of the 19th Century, American and British editors, publishers, writers, and librarians felt obliged to examine every book for crude language (Jones 12 ... permissive society; therefore they were not able to see beyond the confines of the fo...

• Word Count: 1720
• Approx Pages: 7

... in the course of administration-the death of the incumbent, his absence, sickness, or resignation" (Benedict 164) The author Michael Les Benedict is a professor who discusses the laws of impeachment, and challenges the conclusions of most historians regarding the legitimacy of the act. In his book he uses many sources that are speeches and discussions that are in the same time period of the impeachment trials and thus were primary sources. "I would be willing to delay indefinitely...the final action of the House ... upon this question, if I were fully assured that the president from thi...

• Word Count: 1256
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... on August 24th the House of Representatives approved the Bill of Rights. After it was approved there it was sent to the senate, it included seventeen amendments to the Constitution. The twenty-seven amendments of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights can be broken down into four categories, rights of the people, voting, governmental structure, and government powers. The rights of the people and voting mostly pertain to the Bill of Rights, and the government goes along with the Constitution. When the Constitution was ... follow the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. For example if a ...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... and balances are distributed, how the rule of law is broken meaning that the Constitution is not being followed either, and how the abuse of power by a President can ruin years of progress in a country's democracy. There is a clear inequality on checks and balances between the Executive branch, Congress and the Supreme Court. Al Gore, in the book Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Political Issues, expresses that Congress didn't authorized the addition of the Use of Military Force, and ... that the administration did ... ...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... easier for people to defend ourselves. The government cannot protect the general public from violence. Due to the large number of citizens in the United States, the government cannot promise safety. For the time being, "The government cannot guarantee the safety of its citizens. Protecting oneself and family is a personal duty and the government should not impede the ability of responsible adults to defend themselves". With the number of citizens increasing at an astronomical rate ... significantly increase the number of people that are 'brought in' for questioning. Accordingly, an...

• Word Count: 1478
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... the structure of the United States Constitution was manipulated by the personal financial and property interests of the members at the convention such as public securities, manufacturing, trading, and shipping. Through close examination to tax and census records and biographical sources, Beard concludes that the members of the Constitutional Convention consisted primarily of a cohesive group of economic elites who formed the foundation of America's government to benefit and protect the security of their personal property. In his book, he argues that the members of the ... Convention wer...

• Word Count: 1327
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... " of the Philipines by the US Press 1898-1902" in The Historian. Vaughan dicussess the element of the newly emerging importance of the media around this time and the implications that the press may have played in shaping the opinions of American citizens at this time. While "U.S. readers obtained widely varying views of the Philippines depending on their locale and reading habits, there was a remarkable degree of thematic similarity in the press, discussion of the Philippines and its people" (Vaughan 303). Throughout the book ... , Miller points to a variety of news sources which examine ...

• Word Count: 1350
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... their reading list (Talanian). The freedom to read any book of interest or search for information on the internet, is a right that is vital to the exchange of ideas that makes this country a strong, dynamic republic. This provision has led to much protest from librarians across America, speaking out for their rights and refusing this sort of service to the FBI ("Librarians"). Another indication of the encroachment of the government on civil liberties ... can be found in Title 802 of the Patriot ... ...

• Word Count: 2045
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... it explicitly allow for the creation of a National Bank, and since this is the case, according to Article X, the decision should be left up to the states. Professor Richard E. Ellis wrote a book titled, "Aggressive Nationalism: McCulloch v. Maryland and the Foundation of Federal Authority in the Young Republic," in which he criticizes the actions of the Supreme Court in the 1800's. Much of his work draws from the essays of a man who wrote under the pseudonym Hampden. In ... government has no Constitutional control over the movement of people via steamboats and therefore should not invol...

• Word Count: 1928
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Loving, concluding "in commonsense and in a constitutional sense, there is a clear distinction between a marital restriction based merely on race and one based upon the fundamental difference in sex" (Baker v.Nelson [1971]) Therefore, the court refused to consider Baker and McConnell's equal protection claim, "The institution of marriage as a union of man and woman . . . is as old as the book of Genesis " In conclusion, Baker and McConnell appealed the decision to the United States Supreme Court ... , which dismissed the appeal for "lack of a substantial federal question. " Another two p...

• Word Count: 2327
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... require a state to license a marriage between two people of the same sex? 2) "Does the Fourteenth Amendment require a state to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and preformed out-of-state?" (Oyez). These questions laid the groundwork for the upcoming battle. The primary arguments in this case revolve around the Fourteenth and the Tenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment is defined in our "State ... Process Clause "extends to certain personal choices central to individual dignity and autonomy, including intimate choices tha...

• Word Count: 1936
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... crimes are monsters in our minds, our hearts will be safe in the knowledge that the greater good of the nation is being protected. The needs of the many will always outweigh the needs of the few. And so, spoken as a pure Absolutist, the line cannot be gray, but purely black and white. We must have faith in the wisdom that, though the perpetrators may be entitled to tell their story, they will, at long ... for their crimes. Let us not mistake what should be fair and just punishment for criminals over every American's entitlement to free expression. The two don't mix. For freedom of expre...

• Word Count: 1561
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... searches without warrants or without probable cause. The Weeks decision only affected federal courts, and two-thirds of the state courts rejected the exclusionary rule, claiming the rule placed unnecessary burdens on the police and the rule favored the guilty. Many years later at the state level in the 1961 landmark case of Mapp v. Ohio, the U.S. Supreme Court expanded the rights of the accused by applying the exclusionary rule to both federal and state criminal trials. Ms. Mapp had ... private security guards. For example, assume that a mall security guard lacking probable cause search...

• Word Count: 1443
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... almost impossible to find a common ground between them. In addition, the competitive nature of the two party system many times eliminates even the possibility of compromise since failure usually leads to a devastating loss of power. If both victory and extremism are necessary to retain power within the group, and if, as Alfie Kohn (1986) stated in his book No Contest: The Case Against Competition, competition is "mutually exclusive goal attainment" (one ... side must lose in order for the other to win), then compromise and cooperation are impossible (p. 136 ... ...

• Word Count: 2278
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... up to a Constitutional right to privacy" (Christopher 12). The amendments that suggest this right to privacy include the first, fourth and fifth amendments. According to Ted Gottfried in his book Privacy, the Fourth Amendment is the one used most often in support of personal privacy (10). The Fourth Amendment "refers to the right of the people to be secure in their houses papers and effects" as well as providing a safeguard against unreasonable ... searches of these items (Kronenwetter 203). By guaranteeing the security of private houses and papers, the Constitution is saying that these...

• Word Count: 2150
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to become even richer. It is a great plan, but how does it affect the citizens of America? And isn't sort of scary that the politicians do not seem to care that the citizens of the country are so scared? In chapter 3 of his book Rich Media, Poor Democracy, McChesney discusses the affects of commercialism. He discusses the topic of the lack of competition between companies and how the markets claim not to be monopolistic, but oligopolistic. This idea ... of many small companies running themselves is supposed to be better for the economy and for those ... ...

• Word Count: 1700
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... officals need new legal tools to fight terrorism. But we should not forget what gave rise to the original opposition - many aspects of the bill increase the opportunity for law enforcement and the intelligence community to return to an era where they monitored and sometimes harassed individuals who were merely exercising their First Amendment rights. Nothing that occurred on September 11th ... a secret court that looking at book-borrowing histories or library internet usage is relevant to an ongoing terrorist investigation, whether or not a crime has been committed." It seems as if the Un...

• Word Count: 1886
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... book, The Empty Church, Thomas Reeves says "The United States is the most religious nation in the advanced industrialized west, but it appears blatantly, almost aggressively secular." (55). This is the great American paradox. The first amendment of the constitution states: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the ... Allegiance to the flag of the United Stated of America and to the republic for whi...

• Word Count: 1692
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... of the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence is what the U.S. legal system has strived for and failed to grasp fully. After independence was established in the United States, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights were developed. The goal of the Bill of Rights was to establish basic rights for every citizen of the United States, but failed to do so. The rights of white, male citizens were the only rights that were ensured by the Bill of Rights. The rights of blacks and the ... Cole, David. No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System. New York: Th...

• Word Count: 1611
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... shall make no law restricting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the rights of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Supreme Court Justice Hugo Blacks interpretation of the First Amendment is one of the simplest and what I believe to be the most true. Hugo Black points out that the amendment says, Congress shall make no law ... shall make no law restricting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridgin...

• Word Count: 1279
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... College. In order to ratify an amendment, it is essential that it be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the State legislatures. The latter of the two methods has never occurred resulting in an amendment. In order to make a reform possible, it is necessary to decide what ... like freedom of speech and the other individual rights spelled out in the Bill of Rights. The effect of the Electoral College is to discard dissenting votes and to arbitrarily...

• Word Count: 1466
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... patriotism, love for our country and illustrate one of our most sacred living symbols of the United States, the American flag. The flag has become more than just a piece of cloth that is waved all across America. It is a meaningful symbol that should be treated with respect, dignity, and gratitude. Americans have chosen to make the flag of the United States one of the most visible and recognizable symbols of today. "It is a universal feature ... the President of the United States. Ex: The birthdays of States (date of admission) state holidays etc. Source: Johnson, David. "When and How t...

• Word Count: 1411
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... July of 2007, the Washington District Court Rules dismissed the case of Farrakhan v. Gregoire and stated that the criminal disenfranchisement laws do not violate section two of the Voting Rights Act. The United States of America runs deeply by the Constitution in which the founding fathers made to construct our country into a civilization they hoped would work for the American people and balance out the branches of government. Political theorists have widely asserted the importance of the right to ... vote as a certificate of social standing. The founding fathers and ... ...

• Word Count: 1439
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography