... of reasoning that has been proposed to explain why crimes continue to occur in prisons is that inmates have no physical recourse. In other words, there is no help to be had by victims of crimes within the prison system. For example, many inmates who are the victims ... Center. This center, which would be within the Bureau of Justice Statistics at the Department of Justice, would conduct annual statistical compilations of data on prison rapes within federal, state, and local prisons. Additionally, the center would conduct surveys within those same prisons, while insuring confidentiality....

• Word Count: 4535
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• Has Bibliography

... 1995-2005, juvenile crime likely will continue to rise" (Lardiero, 1997, p.14). Some official statistics have suggested that racial disparity in committing juvenile crime is very noticeable among blacks. But on the other hand, self-report studies show quite differently the magnitude in the amount of acts between whites and blacks. Hensley, Tuang, Xu, Gray-Ray, and Ray (1999) gives ... levels of violent definitions. The gender gap in violent delinquency, therefore, likely reflects a gender difference in levels of violent definitions- boys tend to acquire more violent definitions than girl...

• Word Count: 3369
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... juvenile delinquency (Winterdyk 273). The mistreatment of juveniles was apparent by the time of the Progressive Movement. The ACLU claims that by the 1925, juvenile proceedings that were more focused on "prevention and rehabilitation rather than retribution and punishment" took place in nearly every state (ACLU 1). Webster's Dictionary defines Juvenile as: "relating to youth or young people" (Juvenile 225). ... succeed unless officials start putting more focus and effort into these programs. In their article, the Jenson, Potter and Howard all strongly believe that a high priority shoul...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... illegal/legal drugs. Throughout this paper I will examine the prison system from the past to the present, the demographics of the prison population, and the impact of drugs on the increasing incarceration rates. About 200 years ago, the Quakers and other reformers in Pennsylvania developed the institution of the penitentiary, which emphasized having sinners engage in hard labor ... reinforce each others negative orientation (Mauer). Different states adapted different models for use. They followed the same methods of solitary confinement, but they tend to vary in some ways on how the insti...

• Word Count: 4763
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• Has Bibliography

... by congress in September 25, 1789. The second amendment states that "For their protection and for purposes of having a well trained militia the people of the states may keep and bear (own) arms (weapons), but the federal government or the state governments may pass laws against owning certain weapons and the way others may be used". (Cullop, 1999, p.64) This research ... a 66-word blurb in a Sunday paper regarding a bar shooting to a major 1,675 word front page story on a school shooting, for a total of 50,745 words. In comparison, the one defensive gun use story amounted to 163 words. ...

• Word Count: 3029
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the cost of new construction averages almost $54,000 per bed (AAE "Prison"). The 883,593 prisoners are costing the American taxpayers approximately $19.4 billion plus another $61.7 million for the construction of the 1,143 spaces needed. Why should we, the tax payers/the victims, support these criminals? It's true ... 92). By executing these murders, the American tax money could be used for something more useful. Thus the economy benefits from the death penalty. Plus, it helps lower the prison population by the number executed. The average time a death row prisoner has to spend in jail u...

• Word Count: 4694
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

... recent years. Although many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people, given in the second amendment "the right to bear arms", controlling distribution and sales and the registration of guns and gun owners is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns and the ... evidence, and crimes involving guns we can better understand this. Several sophisticated statistical models have attempted to measure the net effect of firearms on criminal violence. On balance, they show that there is nothing to be gained from reducing the general level of gun ownership. (3) A th...

• Word Count: 5482
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... for the purchase of any firearm, and strengthened the "registration requirements for handguns and other restricted weapons..." . The purpose of the 1977 leglislation was to reduce the availability of firearms, on the assumption that there is a "positive relationship between availability and use". In Robert J. Mundt's study, when compared with the United States, trends in Canada over the past ten years ... would not have happened had a weapon been at hand"(152). In an article by Gary A. Mauser of the Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, he places special emphasis on the attitudes...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... overall drop in the crime rate nationally, the problem of violent street gangs is an unwelcome exception. Gang membership has grown to more that 600,000 nationwide. (CNN, 1997) Evidence that smaller cities have seen a growth in gangs in recent years can be seen in Jackson, ... lists others such as status, power, structure, shelter, food, clothing, nurturing, discipline, unconditional love, activities, economic support and respect. She goes on to comment that many gang members tell her that their families only provided three or four of these. (Grennan, Britz, Rush, Barker, 2000) ... unco...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... order to receive a three-strikes sentence, a criminal must be convicted of a second violent or serious felony. This is where the facts do tend to bear out the intent of e three-strikes law: namely that it convicts those who commit violent or serious felonies, while petty theft and marijuana possession are ... (Actually, the only partially "good" news is that simple assaults rose a bare 7% over the same time period.) The three strikes law, in other words, is only partially effective, and sometimes, in the bureaucratic maze of our justice system people who need not be incarcerated for this...

• Word Count: 2677
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... provided by Dan Cutrer are estimates made by two Texas counties. These counties estimated the cost of a capital trail at between $400,000 and $600,000. Subtracting the cost of a non-capital murder trail ($75,000) from the median of these estimates, it will be about $425,000 ... then we are just as justified to kill 4 those students who failed the test, as we are those who have committed the murder. In other words, if preventing a future crime does not justify killing these students, it does not justify capital punishment for murders. Murder is wrong no matter who ... big issue in capit...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... . The main problems related to these evolutionary theories that I have mentioned, 'is their assumption that masculine (and presumably) feminine personality characteristics are given and fixed at least on the level of underlying predispositions (Ray, 2011: 88). Connell defines hegemonic masculinity as 'constructed in relation to various subordinated masculinities as well as in relation to women' (1987 ... with disabilities, allowing these social identities to embody still hegemonic masculinity. However, no matter what identity you are, hegemonic masculinity tended to be associate...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in courts of law and the courts of public opinion. Of late, however, the most lengthy, argumentative and noisy debates have focused on gun control. Some people think that guns should be more harshly regulated, while others believe that they should be more easily available. Gun ... militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." Most gun control activists focus in isolation on the beginning of the amendment where the founders wrote that a well-regulated militia is necessary to the security ... arguing, howeve...

• Word Count: 2867
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... option for the offender (Berman 2005, p 237). The magistrate of the problem-solving court strictly monitors the progress of each defendant assigned to a rehab program. Success depends on a partnership between the defendant and the court in a cooperative rehabilitation effort. Specifically, the drug courts combine community-based substance abuse treatment and ongoing court oversight as an alternative ... and listening to their answers. "Once the defendant has pled guilty, the judge, prosecutor, and defense counselor collectively with the treatment providers, social service agencies, and ...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Judge S. A. Thorburn, sentenced Mr. Clotworthy to a two-year suspended sentence; ordered him to pay a fine of $15,000; and perform 200 hours of community service. He based his decision on probation and emotional harm reports produced from the restorative justice process implemented. This restorative justice process involved a "community group conference between the prisoner, the victim and their particular support persons ... in being responsibility for physical actions and traditional teachings believes in being responsible for emotional, spiritual, mental, and spiritual actions; and (v...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... giving title to property, or the bond of private persons of means or of a professional bondsman or bonding company. Failure of the person released on bail to surrender himself at the appointed time results in forfeiture of the security. Bail is usually granted in a civil arrest. Courts have greater discretion ... if everyone did that than we wouldn't have any trouble in our criminal justice system. The criminal justice system definitly and has to be more hard on criminals Sentancing is a big topic I would like to talk about, I feel the sentancing today should be more harsh, they should ...

• Word Count: 2886
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... recent report of the National Association of Services Against Sexual Violence, sexual violence was defined in the following terms: Sexual violence includes a range of violent behaviours. It can include unwanted touching, sexual harassment and intimidation, coerced sexual activity, sexual assault and rape and can include other physical violence and threat to life. (Dean, Hardiman & Draper 1998, p. iii) ... reported to police, they too are acknowledged to underestimate violent crimes of an intimate nature, particularly sexual assault, domestic violence and child abuse (Grabosky 1989; Natio...

• Word Count: 3415
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"I know that it is not a question of malice or ill will or meanness of spirit that prompts our citizens to support executions. It is quite simply that people don't know the truth about what is really going on." This passage, found in the book "Dead Man Walking", written by Sister Helen Prejean ... jurors admitted they had heard of the case. It is possible that a number of the remaining five potential jurors lied about not hearing information on the case, thus giving them more then enough opportunity to seek " revenge justice." There was one pool of jurors for both convicted murderers and ... I...

• Word Count: 2921
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... disciplined, re-trained and offered counseling. If such treatment proves ineffective, officers who violate abuse standards should be brought up on review before an administrative board comprised of citizens and police officials. A third violation should be met with termination and loss ... personal goals leading to both citizen and police procedure abuse. Another form of unethical police abuse is spying, or information gathering, on constitutionally protected political, religious and private sexual behavior. Spying is a difficult abuse to monitor because it is a covert activity which ......

• Word Count: 2870
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... who go in and get out of prison end up -2- going back after committing more serious crimes. When considering the economic impact of prison there is one more thing to bear in mind. Some economist is worried that our high levels of incarceration will actually stunt future economic growth, by removing so much possible work force. Of course, one must ... interactions between drill instructors and youths, may cause juveniles to fear the correctional staff. This would create a negative environment for therapy and educational achievement. Furthermore, critics argue, the camps"emphasis on group a...

• Word Count: 2946
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• Has Bibliography

... of deterrence. Although imprisonment and fines are universally recognized as necessary to the control of crime, the nations of the world are split on the issue of capital punishment. The established thought is that imposition of the death penalty will act to deter other criminals from committing violent ... of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue. Early opponents ...

• Word Count: 3522
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of the states. "Discretionary waiver statutes prescribe broad standards to be applied, factors to be considered, and procedures to be followed in waiver decision making and require that prosecutors bear the burden of proving that waiver is appropriate. Although waiver standards and evidentiary factors vary from state to state, most take into account both the nature of the alleged ... , maturity, history, and rehabilitative prospects. " [Off11] In their own way, all three waivers are designed to ensure that juvenile offenders aren't waived to criminal court arbitrarily or based on some pr...

• Word Count: 3373
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is attributable to a firearm injury. The number of juvenile violent crime arrests will double by the year 2010 if current arrest and population trends continue. Can our communities bear another 260,000 such arrests each year? What are the causes of this epidemic of violence? And how can we solve it? As the chief Federal agency dealing with ... . Although the program appeared to reduce property crimes, the difference was not statistically significant. Lastly, mentoring programs designed primarily to provide moral support do not have desired effects on such outcomes as academic achievement...

• Word Count: 2822
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... stake in Los Angeles. Rivalries began to spring up across the city and violence against one another erupted. In the summer of 1972 the world bear witness to the birth of a monster, the birth of the "Crips" gang. Founded by Raymond Washington the Crips took Los Angeles and the ... from acting in a deviant manner. There are no rules or laws that bind individuals to refrain from deviant behavior, but instead places responsibility on the individual to morally and ethically live within the belief system of the overall society. Under the control theory delinquent acts are placed upon the ... ...

• Word Count: 2819
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... laws and regulations that have been applied to abolish this act in Australia and also some of the debates, history, effects, and opinions on this very sensitive subject. Australia, along with many countries worldwide, abolished capital punishment by 1985. According to the Institute of Criminology, Queensland was ... from this money. The execution of these criminals would get rid of them forever and need not bear with the life long expenses of food, shelter, medical bills and so on. On the contrary though, in many of these cases, criminals to be convicted of the death penalty are ... bac...

• Word Count: 3217
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate