... assault can involve other acts such as oral-genital contact, digital stimulation, and/or sodomy with inanimate objects (Sluder & Roberts, 1993). In the Alberta Report from May 8, 2000, Jacques Belanger stated that physical castration might not be an adequate solution to pedophilia because such activities usually involve more than just touching the genitals (Smithson). The retribution theory is ... fatigue, transient depression, weight gain, and very rarely, feminization. Others such as hypersomnia and a negative nitrogen balance may also occur (Bradford, 2000). The long-term effects are...

• Word Count: 3037
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Middle Ages, had many characteristics. Listed below are a few of them. 1. Derivative--influenced particularly by French literature. 2. Class consciousness-some written for aristocrats, some for the "lewd" (unlearned). 3. Presence of women in the audience gives it a courtly tone. Poetry moves from the mead hall to the ... after Charlemagne's death in 814. Charlemagne's close alliance with the popes, the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church, also established a precedent for subsequent ties between medieval popes and kings. (Charlemagne Encarta). Charlemagne's alliance with the Church may h...

• Word Count: 3804
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... &ump; Wasserman 1990). Another important method, which proved to be very effective in treating alcoholism is Controlled Drinking (CD). In the present German discussion, Koerkel (2000) proposed that the term "CD" be reserved for drinking behavior that follows the establishment of specific drinking rules by the consumer before he/she begins alcohol intake. Hence, limits of alcohol intake are established each ... accepted in the UK, Australia and Norway. Therefore, the cultural structure must be taken into account when implementing a treatment. Finally, "higher levels of dependence, low sel...

• Word Count: 2703
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... tacit endorsement of the United States". In light of the League's incapability, President Roosevelt and then Secretary of State Cordell Hull, invited the representatives of more than 30 nations and 39 private organizations to an international conference at Evian, to discuss the refugee problem. Myron C. Taylor, past chairman of U.S. Steel Corporation, was named the chairman of the American delegation ... to commit themselves."7 Secretary Hull cabled back reminding Taylor of the rigid immigration laws and the restrictionist sentiment in Congress. The unwillingness of the U.S. to set the ex...

• Word Count: 4346
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... toward integrated administration of the medieval passé. During this Reich, which was comprised of both Romanian and German people, the foundation for the political, social and cultural evolution of Western Europe was laid down thoroughly. The consequence of instincts originating from this initial social and ... Franconian Empire, Meyer's Encyclopedic Lexicon in his review mentioned that the Empire of the Franks performed the key role of basic foundation for the development of cultures and establishments of the entire European nation. It conserved modified and adapted the fragments of m...

• Word Count: 3025
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is the European thought. Left is likewise an enthusiastic quality. Left embodies a general soul like the French Revolution. It is a quest for still obscure social structures and incorporates adjusted spending plans, hostile to wrongdoing and appointive change, thoughts that still reflect principal estimations of social equity ... the death penalty in Christian America, militarism, the utilization of America's poor as gun grain in Iraq and Afghanistan, the American jailhouse for blacks, blocked off medicinal consideration, wide and puzzling neediness on the planet's wealthiest nation. The...

• Word Count: 2529
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... argues that the failure to upscale a normative commitment to greater global justice will remain a permanent Achilles heel to containing a growing back lash against globalisation. (1) Globalisation and the Case for Economic Liberalisation Early understandings of globalisation, especially economic ones, were primarily 'process' or 'flow' definitions--identifying the increasing mobility of factors such as capital, labour, information and technology brought ... a purer Anglo-American neo liberalism. Indeed, evidence from governmental policy reform in South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia since ...

• Word Count: 9082
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... first to develop the ideas of antimilitarism, which included refusal to serve in the military. (Brock, 9) Even when Christians were being persecuted for their Christian faith, they never retaliated in any form of violence. Without violence, Christianity spread throughout Europe in the early centuries AD and today ... 55) Another step is to prepare individually and as a group. This includes engaging in specific individual and group training of thought, sentiment and spirit, for the creation of a warless society. (Gregg, 14) This training needs to influence individuals strong enough to off...

• Word Count: 3064
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , once a formidable barrier that prevented regular interaction between those peoples inhabiting the four continents it touched, became a commercial highway that integrated the histories of Africa, Europe, and the Americas for the first time. As the above figures suggest, slavery and the slave trade were the linchpins of this process. With the decline of the Amerindian population, labor from Africa formed ... differing constructions of social identity and the ocean-going technology that brought Atlantic societies into sudden contact with each other. The trans-Atlantic slave trade therefore...

• Word Count: 4994
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... among the slaves was hardly appreciated by the planters. There were extremely strict regulations monitoring the movements of slaves, and subsequently harsh punishments for relatively minor infractions. Rebellions among the slaves of St Thomas and St John were bloody and often resulted in the deaths of white ... Croix to the Dutch West India Company. Count von Pless, the Chamberlain of the Danish court, and new owner of six New World plantations, petitioned the Moravian Brethren for men to act as overseers of the land and the religious welfare of the natives. Zinzendorf objected to this ...

• Word Count: 2973
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... 2002 p. 372). It was then that society and the church began associating witchcraft with devil worship. Although, according to The World Book Encyclopedia (2000), "historians doubt that worship of the Devil was ever widespread, if indeed it even took place. But stories about it created a mood of ... many of the financial responsibilities which should rightly belong to the men as fathers and family heads, such as finding bride-price for sons, paying for the children's educations, bearing the expenses of family fests, and the like. This reversal of the institutionalized roles is openly ... ...

• Word Count: 3282
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... for identity, recognition, protection, love and understanding, and opportunity. In the book, Gangs: An International Approach, Wade lists others such as status, power, structure, shelter, food, clothing, nurturing, discipline, unconditional love, activities, economic support and respect. She goes on to comment that many gang members tell her that their families only provided three or four of these. (Grennan, Britz, Rush, Barker, 2000 ... Court claimed there is no apparent right to free association implicated by membership in a criminal street gang. As a result of this case anti-gang injun...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... State College (1934-35). This was where Harrison met Cage, and it was from here that Harrison and Cage began their early percussion experimentation's. These early compositions were composed for and from homemade instruments assembled from scrap yard junk and household products and could certainly be viewed as precursors to his later east-meets-west compositions. This sort of instrumentation ... Los Angeles only to later almost completely discard what he had learned about European musical tradition from him. "As with Cage, not much of the Schoenberg aura remained with Harrison for very l...

• Word Count: 2643
• Approx Pages: 11

... because prohibition destroyed legal jobs, created black-market violence, diverted resources from enforcement of other laws, and increased prices people had to pay for prohibited goods. Not only did Americans continue to manufacture, barter, and possess alcohol; they drank more of it. The Americans that supported ... crime. Not only that but people are smuggling the goods inside the country, basically rendering enforcement and regulation useless. Also, the demand for drugs fuels organized crime, which, people argue, draws the youth of America into gangs and the drug business itself. Peop...

• Word Count: 2533
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... some research on the recent history and climate of each city that were going to visit. In addition, we also found out the documentation required for entry as we all held Indian passports. It included a valid passport, visa application form and two photographs, proof of our trip and lodging ( ... air reservations as well as hotel reservations), sufficient funds and proof of travel accident insurance. For the fifteen Schengen countries, there is a uniform European visa which is issued by an Embassy or a Consulate. The rule was that if we intended ... few minutes walking distance from the o...

• Word Count: 2516
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... Witchcraft was seen as a major threat throughout medieval Europe. "The development of medieval witchcraft is closely bound to that of heresy, the struggle for the expression of religious feeling beyond the limits tolerated by the Church. Sometimes that struggle was directed by fanatics whose conviction of self-righteousness enabled ... opposite in another explanation of witchcraft. He says, "Now in these works of magicians, things appear that are exclusively the work of a rational nature; for instance, answers are given about stolen goods, and the like, and this could not be done 3. exce...

• Word Count: 2722
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... so called due to its progression over the course of three major steps. Firstly ships would leave Western Europe for Africa filled with goods for which sailors would exchange for slaves the most popular and important commodities were weapons and gun powder followed by textiles, pearls and other manufactured ... a capital owning elite in France, one family that prevailed in this industry was the Montaudoinsm's, a trading family that alone were responsible for the sending of 357 ships to cultivate slaves to be used in plantations across the Americas10. The Transatlantic slave trade also fun...

• Word Count: 2679
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... opinions about a number of things being culturally bound and oriented. Negotiating these differences between students and their teachers and also among themselves put forth a practical challenge both for teachers and students. The current study that follows has actually grown out of my personal observations and interactions with my students inside and outside the classrooms and also out of ... result is a contact zone welcoming a particular taxonomy of English-a Bangladeshi English with different local accents, indeed. How Does it Work in Practice? A literature classroom, I believe, can ...

• Word Count: 2530
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... condition of exit, the characteristics of the entrants and the characteristics of receiving context, we ensure that our historical does not become entirely selective or anecdotal process and provide rationale for choosing and exploring statistics. TOPIC DEFINITION Immigration is a global phenomenon which has revolutionized the way we conceive nation-states and groups identification. Even so, immigration is not a new ... wills with the intention of permanently down in that country such persons are generally known as immigrants in that country until their citizenship is confirmed. The most...

• Word Count: 4568
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a clear example of desperation to keep the Empire together with its indissoluble unity.1 The matters of France, its overseas territories, and associated states and territories, which was the new concept for Indochina (simply because they underestimated the ongoing insurgency to French imperialism), were mostly now part of metropolitan France. Conveniently, the President of the Union was elected by the French Parliament ... , possibly stimulating nationalism across Asia. Clayton, coming across as a Whig in his writings on the French decolonization, implies that the rise of nationalism is p...

• Word Count: 4015
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... country." Young American men were basically dumped onto the battlefield. Soldiers simply did not receive the quality of training they needed to confidently fight. Training did not prepare soldiers for coping with the fear they would encounter. A strong fear among soldiers was that of enemy weapons. Soldiers "linked fear with a weapon's noise" or lack thereof. This is ... different from basic training. Soldiers had to deal with many mental stresses during World War II. Mental stress that impacted a soldier's psychological stability was another factor setting American soldiers up for com...

• Word Count: 2562
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the premiere health institute that incorporated raw food diets into their patient's lives. Ann Wigmore, the founder created the institute to help patients alter their diseases. Raw foods are beneficial for disease prevention because they contain oxygen, enzymes, phytochemicals, and hormones which support the immune system. According to Brian Clement, co-director of Hippocrates Health Institute, people who start raw food ... has this weird psychological aspect that makes unhealthy foods unattractive to you once you get used to drinking fresh squeezed juice. You are drawn to foods that ar...

• Word Count: 2948
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . It lends money conditionally upon the enactment of structural adjustment programs (SAPs), which entails fundamental social and economic restructuring on borrowing countries. Basically, to be qualified for loans, the country must adopt policies consistent with the free market capitalism and cut government regulations. Policies included eliminating trade barriers erected to protect domestic industries, privatizing ... hurt the poorest in the debtor nations. Its requirement on cutting social services dramatically effected those who rely on them to live; a currency devaluation undermined t...

• Word Count: 2819
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the theory to create their own scientific findings and to incorporate it into their societies. As Darwin's theory became more publicly known, some people began to understand the reasons for evolution, and his theories affected religion and views of science moving forward. Most European scientists expanded on and publicized Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection, including in ... united God and the world, faith, and science in a monistic worldview. While Opzoomer was a dualist and Scholten, a monotheist, supporters of both philosophers agreed in the main striving for expelling...

• Word Count: 3674
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and often featured tight laces to achieve a smooth appearance, though this inhibited movement. Mid century styles of hose were still attached to doublets but featured a distinctive padded codpiece that allowed for a more proper fit and enabled men to relieve themselves. But in the 16th century the codpiece became much larger and was a more prominent feature on men's clothing. Northern Renaissance ... narrower as the century progressed. Padding within garments began to increase to accentuate the body. A peascod belly was an extremely exaggerated feature of padding on the chest of a doubl...

• Word Count: 4939
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School