1. The Fluidity of the American Civil War
... to reject calls for secession. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincoln's March 4, 1861, inaugural address declared his administration would not initiate civil war. Speaking directly to "the Southern States," he reaffirmed, "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. ... Confederate states; and to permanently end slavery-and prevent semi-slavery status. President Johnson took a lenient approach and saw the achievement of the main war g...
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